Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Descartes explicitly states that virtue is sufficient for attaining happiness. In this paper I argue that, within the framework he develops, this is not exactly true: more than virtuous action is needed to secure happiness. I begin by analyzing, in Section 2, the Cartesian notion of virtue in order to show the way in which it closely connects to what, for Descartes, forms the very essence of morality – the correct use of our free will. Section 3, in turn, discusses Descartes's view of happiness and its relation to the highest good. Thereby is laid the foundation for Section 4, which offers a reconstruction of the argument that virtue leads to happiness. Section 5 concludes the discussion by suggesting how and why Descartes leaves a crucial premise – an intellectual insight that consists of three main elements – unmentioned when he claims that virtue is sufficient for happiness.

Preliminary Material /J. Pietarinen and V. Viljanen -- Introduction /Juhani Pietarinen and Valtteri Viljanen -- Chapter One. Plato's Dualism: The Cosmos As Active And Passive Power /Juhani Pietarinen -- Chapter Two. The Active Principle In Stoic Philosophy /Håvard Løkke -- Chapter Three. Plotinus On Act And Power /Eyjólfur Kjalar Emilsson -- Chapter Four. Power And Activity In Early Medieval Philosophy /Tomas Ekenberg -- Chapter Five. Power And Possibility In Thomas Aquinas /Andreas Schmidt -- Chapter Six. Causal Power In Descartes' Mind-Body Union /Juhani Pietarinen -- Chapter Seven. De Novo Creat: Descartes On Action, Interaction, And Continuous Creation /Timo Kajamies -- Chapter Eight. Motion And Reason: Hobbes' Difficulties With The Idea Of Active Power /Juhani Pietarinen -- Chapter Nine. Spinoza's Actualist Model Of Power /Valtteri Viljanen -- Chapter Ten. Leibniz On Force, Activity, And Passivity /Arto Repo and Valtteri Viljanen -- Chapter Eleven. Kant On Force And Activity /Arto Repo and Hemmo Laiho -- Chapter Twelve. Differences That Are None. Hegel's Theory Of Force In The Phenomenology Of Spirit /Andreas Schmidt -- Chapter Thirteen. Schopenhauer's Twofold Dynamism /Valtteri Viljanen -- Bibliography /J. Pietarinen and V. Viljanen -- Index /J. Pietarinen and V. Viljanen.

Discover Spinoza's philosophy of ratio, from geometry and reason to bodies, affects and architectureFrom his geometrical method to his theory of mind and body and from his account of the emotions to his doctrine of how to live well, ratio is of prime importance in Spinoza's philosophy. These essays explore the surprisingly varied dimensions of this unacknowledged keystone of Spinoza's thought. They take you from Spinoza's geometrical diagrams to his concepts of mind, body, the emotions, and the cosmos. It shows how Spinoza's thinking about ratio influences the concept of proportion in Gulliver's Travels, the differential ontology of Deleuze, egalitarian design for wellbeing, and the notion of an affective architecture.Key FeaturesThe first major work to explore ratio as a key concept of Spinoza's thoughtReveals that ratio is a multi-faceted concept that connects geometry, minds, reason, bodies, social relations and the cosmos in Spinoza's philosophyShows how ratio can be used to address enduring questions in Spinoza's thought and take his philosophy in exciting new directionsOffers new applications of Spinoza's thinking to architecture, design and urban studies ContributorsSimon B. Duffy, Yale-NUS College, Singapore. Hélène Frichot, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.Gökhan Kodalak, Cornell University, USA. Michael LeBuffe, University of Otago, Canada. Beth Lord, University of Aberdeen, UK. Heidi M. Ravven, Hamilton College, New York, USA. Peg Rawes, Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, UK. Anthony Uhlmann, Western Sydney University, Australia. Valtteri Viljanen, University of Turku, Finland. Stefan White, Manchester School of Architecture, UK.Timothy Yenter, University of Mississippi, USA