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The lack of a consolidated set of norms, principles, and procedures in international health law reflect the haphazard manner in which the protection of human health has been addressed at the international level. But this does not mean that public international law does not play a role in promoting the improvement of human health. Rather, international health law can also contribute to shaping claims in other legal regimes. This can be ascertained by looking into developments in fields, such as international economic law, where human health has been directly at stake. On that account, this contribution lists some of the legal instruments that constitute norms of public international law with the core objective of the protection of human health. Then, a brief review of recent rulings from adjudicators in international investment and trade law is undertaken for assessing the way in which this crosscutting interpretation has taken place. Furthermore, the proliferation of non-binding documents dealing with issues of human health requires a broader approach than source-based legal positivism. Thus, the usefulness of the concept of governance for tackling the limited and fragmented array of binding instruments of international health law, as well as the challenges the concept poses for legal doctrine, are discussed.
Keywords: International Health Law, International Investment Law, International Trade Law, Fragmentation of International Law, Tobacco Regulation

El presente trabajo aplica los estándares de acceso a la información pública y transparencia en el poder judicial colombiano tomando como referente de estudio la disponibilidad y calidad de la información judicial en casos de asesinatos a periodistas. El texto presenta al derecho de acceso a la información judicial vocación de garante directo e indirecto del derecho de acceso a la justicia y hace un balance entre el sentido de las reservas sumariales y el interés público que subyace en la información judicial. Al ser el derecho de acceso a la información pública y el derecho de acceso a la justicia asuntos de relevancia constitucional, se invocan principalmente los estándares interamericanos del derecho de acceso a la información pública desarrollados por la Relatoría Especial para la Libertad de Expresión de la CIDH. El desafío constitucional que se plantea es: cómo interpretar esos parámetros en la Justicia cuando nos encontramos en casos de graves violaciones a los derechos humanos como el asesinato de periodistas. Para ello, se establecen categorías de reservas, obligaciones del Estado para proporcionar información, así como una aproximación a la Transparencia de la Justicia, sugiriendo algunas alternativas para dirimir el inevitable conflicto de derechos que implica. ; Maestría

Finally, there are approved vaccines against COVID-19, but they will be certainly scarce at first. As a result, vaccine nationalism is rampant. However, for considerations of self-interest, solidarity as well as of international law, national governments should also cater for the health of other countries' populations. This article presents the main legal instruments of vaccine nationalism as well as the COVAX Initiative as an instrument for a fairer global distribution of the life-saving medicine. An analysis of the international right to health shows the normative underpinnings of COVAX and the promise it holds for sustainable solidarity.

A new virus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan at the end of 2019. Infected persons developed an atypical form of pneumonia, later known as COVID-19. The pathogen created a pandemic, with fatalities throughout the world, and also led to the adoption of restrictive measures which were, until recently, unthinkable, as well as fostering new political conflicts. Even the path of the multilateral order in its current form is at stake. For a take on these issues under international law, the legal regime of the World Health Organization (WHO) and its response to the pandemic provides an insightful access. .

This paper reviews common funding approaches/models found in the US and UK as well as the philosophical, political, and economic rationales underpinning their use, and the policy environments that contributed to their adoption in the hope of informing substantive policy discussion, decision-making, and implementation. It finds that different funding approaches/models may be appropriate based on the contextual realities and current circumstances of a country. Thus, incremental approaches might reflect government interests, but may not serve the public good. Enrollment based approaches (per capita and per credit) have advantages and remain viable options for adoption for nations seeking to expand access to higher education. Performance funding options may be appropriate when a robust system of higher education exists, and government seeks performance outcomes as a tool in promoting special projects or government priorities. However, those nations considering performance-based models may need a fair warning. The performance-based approach has yet to be proven to be the panacea it was purported to be, at least in the US and UK.

Der Sammelband richtet sich an ein Fachpublikum von Völkerrechtlern, Praktikern in internationalen Institutionen und anderen Experten, die sich mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der internationalen Governance ansteckender Krankheiten vertraut machen möchten. Fallbeispiel ist die Ebola-Krise in Westafrika.Der Band geht aus einem breiter angelegten Heidelberger Kooperationsprojekt zur "International Health Governance" der Forschungsstätte der Evangelischen Studiengemeinschaft e.V. - Institut für interdisziplinäre Forschung (FEST) und des Max-Planck-Instituts für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (MPIL) hervor. Die Autoren beleuchten Kontext und materiellen Rechtsrahmen des Themas, auch unter Hervorhebung menschenrechtlicher Bezüge, institutionelles Recht ("Gesundheit als Sicherheitsrisiko?") sowie die Grenzen eines genuin rechtlichen Ansatzes. Die Autoren sind den Disziplinen Völkerrecht, Public Health, Politikwissenschaften und Anthropologie zuzuordnen.Mit Beiträgen vonElif Askin, Susan L. Erikson, André den Exter, Robert Frau, Wolfgang Hein, Bonnie Kaiser, Hunter Keys, Michael Marx, Edefe Ojomo, Ilja Richard Pavone, Mateja Steinbrück Platise, Christian R. Thauer, Leonie Vierck, Pedro A. Villarreal, A. Katarina Weilert

Les partisans du tout-répressif dans notre rapport aux drogues se targuent souvent du pragmatisme et du bon sens de leur position. Un examen du résultat des politiques prohibitionnistes menées depuis cinquante ans révèle pourtant l'échec complet de ces politiques à remplir leurs objectifs, c'est-à-dire leur absence de réalisme et leur caractère profondément idéologique.