Suchergebnisse

Intro -- About the Book -- About the Authors -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Chapter 1: The International Engagement of the Australian Colonies -- Introduction -- Australia and the International Economy Before 1914 -- Alternative Hypothesis. The Domestic Sources of Growth -- The Development Synthesis -- Hidden from View: Agency and Diversity -- Attitudes Towards International Business Before 1914 -- Australia in the History of International Business -- Structure of the Book -- Chapter 2: Foreign Investment in Australia Before World War One -- Introduction -- Measuring Foreign Investment in Australia -- Private Capital Inflow: When Did the Money Arrive and Where Did It Go? -- British Overseas Private Investment in Australia and the World by Industry -- Foreign Direct Investment and Multinationals -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Hidden from View: The Multinational Enterprise in Colonial Australia -- Introduction -- Methodology and Sources -- Numbers, Nationality and Control -- Organisational Types -- Free-Standing Companies -- Merchants and Trading Groups -- Modern MNEs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Pioneers of International Business in Australia before 1871 -- Introduction -- Key Features of Multinational Expansion before the 1870s -- Industries -- The Longevity of Pre-1871 Multinationals -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5: The Spread of the Multinational Economy, 1871-1914 -- Introduction -- The Arrival of Multinationals After 1870 -- When Did They Arrive? -- Where Did They Come From? -- In Which Sectors Did They Invest? -- Manufacturing -- Mining -- Pastoral and Agricultural Production -- Trading -- Transport, Communications and Utilities -- Finance and Insurance -- How Long Did They Survive in Australia? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Why Did They Come? -- Introduction -- The Attractions of Australia -- The Competitive Advantage of Industries.

This book challenges conventional wisdom by revealing an extensive and heterogeneous community of foreign businesses in Australia before 1914. Multinational enterprise arrived predominantly from Britain, but other sender nations included the USA, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Japan. Their firms spread out across Australia from mining and pastoral communities, to portside industries and CBD precincts, and they operated broadly across mining, trading, shipping, insurance, finance, and manufacturing. They were a remarkably diverse population of firms by size, organisational form, and longevity. This is a rare study of the impact of multinationals on a host nation, particularly before World War One, and that focuses on a successful resource-based economy. Deploying a database of more than 600 firms, supported by contemporary archives and publications, the work reveals how multinational influence was contested by domestic enterprise, other foreign firms, and the strategic investments of governments in network industries. Nonetheless, foreign agency -- particularly investment, knowledge and entrepreneurship -- mattered in the economic development of Australia in the nineteenth as well as the twentieth centuries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in Australian and international economic and business history, the history of economic growth and scholars of international business. Simon Ville is Senior Professor of Economic and Business History and Associate Dean Research at the University of Wollongong, Australia. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and will be the Whitlam-Fraser Professor of Australian Studies at Harvard University in 2022-3. He has written widely on big business, foreign investment, the rural and resource industries, the natural history trade, social capital, transport history, and the Vietnam War. David Merrett is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Melbourne. He has published widely in Australian economic and business history. His current interests include the rise of big business and the internationalisation of the Australian economy in the twentieth century. He has numerous publications on foreign firms in Australia, notably ANZ Bank (1985), but also on Australian firms as multinationals.

Chapter 1: The international connections of the Australian colonies -- Chapter 2: Foreign investment before World War One -- Chapter 3: Hidden from view. The multinational enterprise in colonial Australia -- Chapter 4: Early entrants: MNEs in Australia, c.1820-70 -- Chapter 5: The Spread of the Multinational Economy by 1914 -- Chapter 6: Why did they come? -- Chapter 7: Where did they go? Multinationals and the development of Australia -- Chapter 8: Global Hosts -- Chapter 9: Distance no Tyranny.

Australia's economic history is the story of the transformation of an indigenous economy and a small convict settlement into a nation of nearly 23 million people with advanced economic, social and political structures. It is a history of vast lands with rich, exploitable resources, of adversity in war, and of prosperity and nation building. It is also a history of human behaviour and the institutions created to harness and govern human endeavour. This account provides a systematic and comprehensive treatment of the nation's economic foundations, growth, resilience and future, in an engaging, contemporary narrative. It examines key themes such as the centrality of land and its usage, the role of migrant human capital, the tension between development and the environment, and Australia's interaction with the international economy. Written by a team of eminent economic historians, The Cambridge Economic History of Australia is the definitive study of Australia's economic past and present

Between the 1880s and 1930s the international wool auction market shifted decisively from Britain to Australia. A series of historical developments altered the efficiency criteria for the existing institutional arrangements, notably the growing international dominance of Australian wool production, the evolution of the small grazier, the geographical diversification of demand, and improved international transport and communications. Central to this market shift was the role of large pastoral agent firms based in Australia who employed their local knowledge, producer contacts, and trade specialisation to reduce costs. Australian graziers benefited from local market signals and quicker sale realisation. Overseas buyers increasingly came from outside Britain, and their contacts with Australia were aided by much improved long distance shipping and telegram communications.

Australia's economic history is the story of the transformation of an indigenous economy and a small convict settlement into a nation of nearly 23 million people with advanced economic, social and political structures. It is a history of vast lands with rich, exploitable resources, of adversity in war, and of prosperity and nation building. It is also a history of human behaviour and the institutions created to harness and govern human endeavour. This account provides a systematic and comprehensive treatment of the nation's economic foundations, growth, resilience and future, in an engaging, contemporary narrative. It examines key themes such as the centrality of land and its usage, the role of migrant human capital, the tension between development and the environment, and Australia's interaction with the international economy. Written by a team of eminent economic historians, The Cambridge Economic History of Australia is the definitive study of Australia's economic past and present