Suchergebnisse

Maarten Vink explores change and resilience of citizenship under pressure from European integration. To assess the meaning of national and European citizenship the book analyzes parliamentary immigration debates from the 1990s in the Netherlands. The hesitant penetration of 'Europe' in these domestic debates on issues of asylum, resident status and nationality evidences the continuing relevance of domestic politics for the extension of membership and rights to non-citizens, and demonstrates the unsettled nature of European citizenship.

This article is about the state of multiculturalist politics in the Netherlands. It assesses the popular claim that a paradigmatic change has occurred in the Netherlands due to events such as 9/11 and the murders of Pim Fortuyn and Theo van Gogh. The article argues that although changes are significant, both in discourse and in practice, they must be viewed as part of a process of rethinking the relation between newcomers and the state that goes back as far as the end of the 1980s. Long-standing claims about the exemplary form of multiculturalism in the Netherlands were always ambiguous at least, or even hard to sustain. The article criticises the persistent idea that Dutch accommodating integration policies since the end of the 1970s are an extension of the historical tradition of 'pillarisation'. Only by going beyond this myth can we understand why recent changes are much less of a break with the past, and why multiculturalism was never accepted or practised as fully as has often been suggested in more stereotypical depictions of Dutch integration policy.

"Das vermehrte Aufkommen von Einwanderungspolitik in der Europäischen Union in den 1990ern war von einer gesteigerten Aufmerksamkeit der Wissenschaft für dieses Thema begleitet. Was jedoch die meisten Studien beiseite lassen, ist die Frage, wie die Europäische Integration nationale Einwanderungspolitik beeinflusst. Dieses Papier differenziert zwischen den Typen der Europäischen Integration und präsentiert empirische Nachweise anhand des Falls der Niederlande. Es analysiert, in welchem Ausmaß und inwiefern Zusammenhänge zum freien Personenverkehr, Asyl und Bürgerrechte durch die Europäische Integration substanziell bestimmt werden. Das Papier kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Frage, wie sehr Europa auf nationale Politik zurückwirkt, davon abhängig ist, warum Europa überhaupt miteinbezogen werden soll." (Autorenreferat)

Restrictive measures (or sanctions) form an important part of the European Union's (EU's) foreign policy toolbox. Studying the conditions under which the EU imposes sanctions is therefore imperative for understanding EU's role in the global arena. This article aims at modelling the use of EU sanctions particularly in response to intra-state conflicts in its neighbourhood. Four variables (trade linkage with the EU as whole; trade linkage with individual Member States; democracy level of the potential target state; and violence level of the intra-state conflict) are tested against data from ten intra-state conflicts from EU's neighbourhood using a comparative mixed-method methodology of fuzzy-set analysis and process-tracing. We identify the lack of strong trade linkage between individual Member States and the potential target state as a sufficient condition for the imposition of sanctions. In addition, the presence of bilateral trade links is a necessary, and if the potential target state is a democracy, sufficient condition for the non-imposition of sanctions.

Abstract Traditionally, there are two contrasting views on the way states can use naturalisation and immigrants' rights policies to set out their broader agenda of immigrant integration. First, citizenship acquisition can be seen as complementary to the granting of social and political rights to immigrants, as a necessary step in the process of full integration in the political community. Whereas granting access to formal membership through naturalisation may instead be seen as an alternative to granting social and political rights, independent of citizenship status. In this paper, we analyse the relation between naturalisation and integration policies in 29 European states, looking at immigrants' rights in several areas of public life, such as political participation, anti-discrimination, education, the labour market and family reunion. We find strong empirical evidence in Europe that extending membership and rights are generally used as complementary, rather than alternative, means to immigrant integration. While our analysis does not invalidate the 'alternative' view as a normative stance, it does suggest that it comes with political constraints as, in practice, it is rarely practiced in Europe.