Suchergebnisse

Considerations relevant to the design of an effective system for the international transmission of information are examined. Informational needs of differing countries depend on their SE circumstances; developing countries have needs centered on nation building & economic modernization. Information is also needed to solve global problems. Scientific & technological information has a crucial role to play in social development; the social sciences & SE information offer a basis for guiding such development. Five specific tasks must be undertaken by the social sciences in relation to information: research, classification, construction, conceptualization, & organization. In information exchange between advanced & developing countries, an information system can be viewed as a subsystem of the structure of economic management, having an impact on science in developing countries. It is necessary to define information need at individual, collective, & social levels; users of SE information of various kinds are only a fraction of those who have a need for such information. An international information exchange must be developed. This can draw on national & international services & centers, & on data banks & information networks. Some operational problems of an international system are considered, with attention to problems of law, administration, politics, technology, organization, & linguistics, the last being a major problem for which the USSR's experience is highly relevant. Three contemporary scenarios for the future are offered: an ultimate ideal, a preparatory scenario, & a consideration of methodology. W. H. Stoddard.

The system of social science information services in the USSR comprises the Instit of Scientific Information on the Social Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences (INION), several branch information services, regional information services integrated into the structure of the Academies of Sciences of Soviet socialist republics, a network of information-processing departments attached to scientific humanities institutions & Us & a number of bibliographical centers. Presently the main aim in the development of the system is its optimization on the basis of clear differentiation of the scientific information institutions' functions. INION coordinates, at the national level, information activities in the social sciences, collects & abstracts Soviet & foreign literature on the social sciences, & publishes abstracts, bibliographical materials, & analytical surveys of scientific literature. INION & its branches possess holdings of literature amounting to 9,760,000 units of printed output, systematically enriched by the local & foreign scientific publications. INION maintains constant contacts involving exchange with 1,557 organizations in sixty-six countries. It is well equipped technically & has proceeded to the first stage in the elaboration of its own integral automated information system, enabling it to carry out exchanges of magnetic tapes & liaison channels. Vast prospects for the European states' cooperation in the field of social sciences information exist. The conference of European centers of information & documentation (Moscow, June 1977) adopted recommendations concerning the problems to be solved in view of cooperation development, foreseeing an expansion of international exchanges of books, abstracts, bibliographies, & microfiches, cooperation in the copilation of international bibliographies, the elaboration of proposals on the international standardization of information, exchange of information on methodology, etc. The European Co-ordination Centre for Research & Documentation in Social Sciences in Vienna could play a decisive role in the realization of all these recommendations. AA.

Received 23.03.2020. Security studies are going through a new stage of development. The 20th century was marked by scientific discussions about globalization itself and its possible impact on international security, the need to adjust concepts and methodologies. Many modern challenges are a direct consequence of increased global interdependence. At the same time, global attention is shifting towards regions, because the processes originating there can explain and determine the structure of international security. In turn, it is vital to adopt the knowledge and methodology of regional studies and political geography to avoid the "territorial trap". In our opinion, international studies are still missing the importance of spatiality and its influence on the world political system. Regardless the importance of geographical factor and the fact that in some way it determines the vector of the world political system development, spatiality is often overlooked. "Thinking in the space" is a skill necessary for any researcher. Spatiality is not just a set of geographical characteristics, but something more integral. Therefore, to understand international security and prospects for its further development, we need a comprehensive approach taking a wide range of factors into account. Moreover, an important problem of modern international security is the lack of comprehensive security studies at the global level that take into account the factor of space and regionalization. The research identifies Regional Security Complexes using cluster analysis of k-means. A spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to justify found systems, which consider the mutual influence of countries on each other. In a nutshell, it can explain regionalization of international security and the role of spatial factor in this process, create methodological framework for further analysis of Regional Security Complexes. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the grant of the IIS MGIMO No. 1921-01-09 "Geopolitical Atlas of the Modern World: Cartograms Modelling, Multidimensional Scaling and Determination of Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation in World Politics".