Suchergebnisse

The Chinese economic model, which paved the way to "Chinese economic miracle" is running out of its capabilities. The new generation of leadership led by Xi Jinping is facing an extremely complicated task that can be compared to the one Deng Xiaoping had solved at the turn of 1980's - to elaborate a new model of development. Measures adopted by the new General secretary of the CPC Central Committee in order to concentrate powers and to strengthen personal power are justified by the need to change political course. However, as a result of these steps, the system of institutional authoritarianism that for the past 40 years was being created and provided economic success to China has been significantly demolished. Current challenges for China originate not only from the necessity to change the economic model, but also from the reaction of the authorities to this need. Amidst uncertainty of new reference points for the reforms, lack of obvious competitive advantages, strengthening of external challenges and deep changes in Chinese society, China has again appeared on the verge of serious challenges, the answer to which will help evaluate the effectiveness of the reforms not only from socio-economic but also from a historical perspective.

Проведен исторический обзор становления и развития малого космоса на космодроме Плесецк. Выделена его ведущая роль в создании многоэлементных низкоорбитальных группировок, в первую очередь, военного назначения. Сделан обоснованный вывод, что в таких областях, как космическая связь, дистанционное зондирование Земли, научные исследования и отработка технологий, очевидна тенденция преимущественного использования малых космических аппаратов в составе многоэлементных низкоорбитальных группировок. Сформулированы основные признаки космической суперсистемы и выделены основные перспективные разработки в таких направлениях, как ведомственные спутниковые системы связи, космические системы оптико-электронной, радиотехнической, радиолокационной разведки, экологического мониторинга и геодезии. ; A historical survey of small space vehicle progress and development at Plesetsk cosmodrome has been carried out. Its leading role in the creation of multielement low-orbit groups intended primarily for military purposes is isolated. A justified conclusion has been made that the tendency to use small space vehicles as part of multicomponent low-orbit groups is obvious for such areas as space communication, remote Earth sounding, scientific research and developing technologies. The main properties of a space supersystem are formulated and major promising developments in such areas as departmental satellite communication systems, space systems of optoelectronic, radioengineering and radar reconnaissance, ecological monitoring and geodesy are specified.

The work, as well as the seminar at which it was reported, is devoted to the memory of the outstanding
physicist-nuclear scientist, professor of Moscow State University B.S. Ishkhanov, namely his contribution
to the research and development of LEXG — laser-electronic X-ray generators. Relevance and prospects of
this direction are connected with «gap» between two existing types of X-ray sources: on the one hand —
X-ray tubes, and on the other - electronic accelerators, storage rings and free electrons lasers. It's about a
huge difference in their bundle characteristics, cost, scale, energy consumption, etc. The history of modern
projects abroad, as well as the LEXG project of MSU–Jilin University, led by Prof. B.S. Ishkhanov, are briefly
presented. From the point of view of their applications, the LEXG designs can be divided into two types with
different scale of the devices. The first is the replacement of serial X-ray tubes and the second is radiation
medicine, nuclear technology and nuclear physics research. International conferences on LEXG have been held
since 2008. The list of these is given in the Annex to the article.