Suchergebnisse

Le présent article s'intéresse à la socialisation aux mobilités pour raisons professionnelles en s'appuyant sur des données qualitatives de type récit de vie. Il montre comment la socialisation aux mobilités professionnelles pratiquées sous la forme d'absences fréquentes du domicile nécessitant des nuitées hors du foyer familial relève d'une socialisation primaire mais aussi de socialisations secondaires qui viennent parfois renforcer des dispositions acquises antérieurement. Si l'on observe des socialisations de transformation par l'expérience des déplacements professionnels, celles de renforcement semblent induire des pratiques de mobilité plus positives et plus pérennes. Si l'on retrouve la famille, les études ou les pairs comme cadres et contextes de cette socialisation mobilitaire, des dispositions activées dans la pratique de mobilités liées au travail proviennent d'autres domaines que celui-ci. Enfin, malgré l'intériorisation de dispositions, l'activation de ces dernières semble notamment dépendre des valeurs associées aux mobilités professionnelles, de l'identification à l'image du travailleur ou de la travailleuse mobile et des trajectoires familiales.

Dans cet article, nous analysons dans quelle mesure les jeunes adultes mentionnent moins leurs parents comme des partenaires importants de discussion lorsqu'ils vivent éloignés d'eux. À partir d'un échantillon représentatif des jeunes de 18 à 34 ans vivant en Suisse, nous montrons que, d'une manière générale, les jeunes vivant à distance de leurs parents ne sont pas moins nombreux à partager un lien de confidence avec eux. Toutefois, le lien avec les parents est particulièrement sensible à la distance dans le cas des jeunes femmes ayant elles-mêmes des enfants. Pour une jeune femme, avoir un enfant augmente les chances de citer sa mère ou son père comme confidents en situation de proximité géographique et les diminue en cas d'éloignement. De plus, les jeunes mères éloignées de leur milieu d'origine ne trouvent pas ailleurs le soutien affectif qu'elles trouvent habituellement dans la proximité spatiale avec leurs parents. Associée à certains évènements familiaux, la distance géographique contribue dès lors à reconfigurer les dynamiques relationnelles et à renforcer les inégalités de genre au sein des familles. Plus généralement, ces résultats soulignent l'importance d'accorder davantage d'attention à la mobilité et à la distance géographique dans les recherches sur la famille et les relations intergénérationnelles.

Abstract
In a context of increasing pluralization and individualization of family forms, families would often develop through (individual) spatial mobility. This challenges a dominant view of the family that emphasises spatial proximity and residential stability in a conducive environment for family development. Using data from the Swiss survey Family tiMes and multi-channel sequence analysis, this article examines the links between residential context, residential mobility and family development over the life course.

Recent literature recognises the importance of situating social networks in spatial context. Yet, the spatial analysis of personal networks has often been limited to examining residential distances between actors. While distance is a central characteristic of social relationships, it is a poor indicator for understanding the intricacies of the geographical space, places and personal networks. This study develops an original approach for mapping and analysing personal networks based on their geographical scope and the distribution of the residential locations of network members in relevant geographical areas. We perform a factor and cluster analysis to identify the major geographical patterns of personal networks using two samples of egocentric networks from France and Switzerland. We validate the approach first by interpreting the patterns both quantitatively and qualitatively, and second by examining how these patterns relate to important social characteristics of respondents and their personal networks. We conclude by discussing the significance of this approach for integrating geographical information into the analysis of personal networks and for rethinking networks and the geographical space as co‐constituted.

Moving and travelling extensively for job reasons is often seen as a way to achieve a successful career. Yet, evidence based on longitudinal data is limited. In this paper, we use a sequence analysis to study typical histories of intensive forms of work-related spatial mobility, i.e. migration, daily and weekly long-distance commuting and overnight business travel (called below 'high mobility'), and their links to career achievement. Using retrospective survey data from Germany, we show that a variety of high mobility histories coexist. While migrations occur mainly in the first years of the professional life, the chances of experiencing long-distance daily or weekly commuting and frequent overnight business trips remain stable over the career. Some evidence was found that long-lasting high mobility is associated with better incomes. Nevertheless, having repeated experiences of high mobility has no positive impact, per se, on managerial responsibilities or socio-economic status. These findings suggest that high mobility has become a 'usual' feature in many job careers and is often a way of combining a distant job with a local attachment to a place, home or community, rather than a way of achieving upward career mobility. This study points out that, besides migration, long-distance commuting and frequent travel for job reasons should receive more attention in longitudinal research on spatial mobility.

"Mit dem Verweis auf erhöhten Stress, Unplanbarkeit des alltäglichen Lebens, verstärkter Ungleichheiten zwischen den Geschlechtern und sinkenden Investitionen in Elternschaft und Partnerschaft angesichts zeitlicher und räumlicher Restriktionen ist berufliche Mobilität häufig als negativer Einfluss auf Familien beurteilt worden. Dieser Beitrag fragt, wie sich tägliches Fernpendeln und Wochenendpendeln, wie sich beruflich bedingte häufige Abwesenheit von zuhause und Fernbeziehungen auf die Partnerschaftsqualität auswirken. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, verwenden wir Daten aus einer großen europäischen Umfrage zum Thema berufliche Mobilität und Familienleben (JobMob) zu 2.914 Befragten, die angeben, eine feste Beziehung zu haben, und die in Frankreich, Deutschland oder in der Schweiz leben. Zunächst bestimmen wir empirisch aufgrund des aktuellen Mobilitätsverhaltens beider Partner sowie zentraler sozio-demographischer Variablen acht Lagen im sozialen Raum. Danach untersuchen wir, inwieweit diese Lagen in den drei unterschiedlichen nationalen Kontexten Partnerschaftszufriedenheit und Partnerschaftskonflikte beeinflussen. Ergänzend wird der Prozess berücksichtigt, im Zuge dessen Individuen mobil geworden sind. Wir kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass berufliche Mobilität keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Partnerschaftsqualität hat. Eine verminderte Partnerschaftsqualität ist eher charakteristisch für Menschen, die die Mobilitätsentscheidungen als negativ und als kollektiv erlebt haben. Abschließend diskutieren wir, welchen Beitrag diese Befunde für das Verständnis der Organisation des Beziehungslebens von Paaren haben, die mit Mobilitätserfordernissen konfrontiert sind." (Autorenreferat)

Recent literature recognises the importance of situating social networks in spatial contexts to better understand how space, place, and social networks interact and are co‐constituted. Despite this call, the mainstream literature in social network analysis pays relatively little attention to spatial dimensions of social networks and remains largely disconnected from the vast body of research on spatial networks in geography and cognate fields. This thematic issue is one step towards advancing this research agenda by examining how such an approach relates to issues of social inclusion and social participation. It includes a selection of studies that focus on the relation between space and social networks across a wide variety of research fields and contexts. Contributions use original, often mixed‐method approaches and multiple perspectives for capturing the role of space and people's experience of place in network formation through physical, cultural, and geographical dimensions. We conclude this editorial by briefly suggesting areas for future research.

There are concerns that migrants may be embedded in far-flung networks with support being less collective. The spatial dispersion of their relatives and friends would result in fragmented networks with lower solidarity and lower mutual trust than densely connected networks based on geographical proximity. This may be particularly true for migrants who rarely meet their relatives and friends face-to-face. Yet, it is unclear what role, if any, distant visits play in migrants' social capital. This article examines these issues using representative data from Switzerland and a combination of network and sequence analysis. Results show that migrants have more spatially dispersed networks, which, in turn, are associated with higher number of emotional support ties compared to respondents with spatially close networks, yet they are characterised by low cohesion and low trust. Distant visits only partly moderate the influence of spatial dispersion on social capital. People who frequently visit or host their far-flung relatives and friends have more transitive networks and fewer supportive ties than those who see them less often, but they do not have higher trust in them. Overall, distant visits have relatively little impact on social capital, suggesting a network effect that goes beyond dyadic relationships.

Generationen – Generationenbeziehungen – Generationenpolitik: Ein dreisprachiges Kompendium ; Cite as: Lüscher, Kurt et al. (2010): Generationen – Generationenbeziehungen – Generationenpolitik: Ein dreisprachiges Kompendium

The members of the International Network for the Analysis of Intergenerational Relations (Generationes) proudly present the most recent issue of the jointly produced compendium "Generations, Intergenerational Relations and Generational Policy". This new version includes seven languages (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish (New) and Portuguese (New)). Its layout is designed for using it to translate the specific concepts and terminology of research into generations and intergenerational relations from one language into another.