Suchergebnisse

L'influenza dei caratteri urbani sulla domanda di mobilità è un tema ampiamente dibattuto e studiato. Al di là delle assunzioni teoriche a riguardo, molti studiosi hanno tentato di individuare empiricamente nessi attestanti questo fenomeno. Gran parte della letteratura scientifica sul tema può essere ricondotta al dibattito sulla città compatta e sullo sprawl. Due principali obiettivi contraddistinguono questo dibattito: la comprensione delle complesse dinamiche che legano la domanda di mobilità ai caratteri urbani e l'individuazione di configurazioni sostenibili degli usi del suolo. Il fenomeno è dunque studiato al fine dello sviluppo di strategie fondate sull'integrazione tra i trasporti e gli usi del suolo, finalizzate a limitare l'uso dell'auto e ad ottenere una distribuzione modale degli spostamenti più equilibrata. Buona parte della ricerca scientifica, specialmente nell'ultimo decennio, è dunque focalizzata sull'identificazione di nessi causali tra gli usi del suolo e i trasporti, per supportare, o in alcuni casi mettere in discussione, esperienze e politiche integrate. Nonostante la quantità e varietà di studi dedicati al tema, il fenomeno è ancora lungi dall'essere compreso e dimostrato empiricamente. Il dibattito in proposito è ampio e l'impressione è che con l'aumentare degli studi in proposito e del livello di approfondimento delle analisi diminuisca la sensazione di chiarezza. Attraverso un'analisi della letteratura, l'articolo mette in evidenza i principali problemi emergenti dal dibattito. Senza negare l'importanza del riconoscimento di nessi causali tra i caratteri degli insediamenti e la domanda di mobilità, opinione di chi scrive è che l'individuazione di questi nessi non debba necessariamente costituire una condizione imprescindibile per la definizione e l'adozione di un approccio integrato. ; The relation between transport and land use is a widely debated issue. As many authors outlined and the common sense suggests, land use and transport are two sides of the same coin. With few exceptions, people travel in order to reach places where they can carry out their activities. If one the one side talking about land use and mobility may seem redundant, this kind of feeling of redundancy and yet the great and growing interest of the scientific community reveal the complexity of this relation. Does the spatial structure of cities influence mobility styles? Besides some theoretical assumptions, many researches tried to answer this question and to find evidences for it, especially in terms of causality. Most of the scientific literature about the influence of urban structure on mobility can be found within the debate over compact city and urban sprawl. Two main goals can be identified for these studies (the first being by some means functional to the second): a deep understanding of the relation between the two fields and the detection of a "good" urban structure. Moreover, this relation is analyzed in order to devise and support integrated land use and transport strategies meant to counter sprawl and de-territorialization processes and to get to a more balanced modal share. Research efforts, those of the last decade in particular, are then focused on finding causal relations between land use and transport, in order to support - or in some cases to undermine - integrated policies (e.g. Transit Oriented Development in the USA or the ABC policy in the Netherlands). Despite the amount and variety of studies devoted to this topic, this relation is still far from being understood and empirically proven, turning out to be a very complex and disputed issue. Considering the evolution of the literature on the relation between the spatial structure of cities and the inhabitants' travel behaviour, a gradual softening of positions can be identified, so that unambiguous positions are disappearing. Analyzing the literature about the relation between transport and land use, the paper will identify the main emerging problematic issues and controversies. Not denying the importance of causal relations between urban structure and mobility styles, the question that will be addressed, and that underlies the analysis, is whether the evidence for this relation should be considered as a staging post for devising policies to counter de-territorialization processes and unsustainable lifestyles or not.

L'influenza dei caratteri urbani sulla domanda di mobilità è un tema ampiamente dibattuto e studiato. Al di là delle assunzioni teoriche a riguardo, molti studiosi hanno tentato di individuare empiricamente nessi attestanti questo fenomeno. Gran parte della letteratura scientifica sul tema può essere ricondotta al dibattito sulla città compatta e sullo sprawl. Due principali obiettivi contraddistinguono questo dibattito: la comprensione delle complesse dinamiche che legano la domanda di mobilità ai caratteri urbani e l'individuazione di configurazioni sostenibili degli usi del suolo. Il fenomeno è dunque studiato al fine dello sviluppo di strategie fondate sull'integrazione tra i trasporti e gli usi del suolo, finalizzate a limitare l'uso dell'auto e ad ottenere una distribuzione modale degli spostamenti più equilibrata. Buona parte della ricerca scientifica, specialmente nell'ultimo decennio, è dunque focalizzata sull'identificazione di nessi causali tra gli usi del suolo e i trasporti, per supportare, o in alcuni casi mettere in discussione, esperienze e politiche integrate. Nonostante la quantità e varietà di studi dedicati al tema, il fenomeno è ancora lungi dall'essere compreso e dimostrato empiricamente. Il dibattito in proposito è ampio e l'impressione è che con l'aumentare degli studi in proposito e del livello di approfondimento delle analisi diminuisca la sensazione di chiarezza. Attraverso un'analisi della letteratura, l'articolo mette in evidenza i principali problemi emergenti dal dibattito. Senza negare l'importanza del riconoscimento di nessi causali tra i caratteri degli insediamenti e la domanda di mobilità, opinione di chi scrive è che l'individuazione di questi nessi non debba necessariamente costituire una condizione imprescindibile per la definizione e l'adozione di un approccio integrato. ; The relation between transport and land use is a widely debated issue. As many authors outlined and the common sense suggests, land use and transport are two sides of the same coin. With few exceptions, people travel in order to reach places where they can carry out their activities. If one the one side talking about land use and mobility may seem redundant, this kind of feeling of redundancy and yet the great and growing interest of the scientific community reveal the complexity of this relation. Does the spatial structure of cities influence mobility styles? Besides some theoretical assumptions, many researches tried to answer this question and to find evidences for it, especially in terms of causality. Most of the scientific literature about the influence of urban structure on mobility can be found within the debate over compact city and urban sprawl. Two main goals can be identified for these studies (the first being by some means functional to the second): a deep understanding of the relation between the two fields and the detection of a "good" urban structure. Moreover, this relation is analyzed in order to devise and support integrated land use and transport strategies meant to counter sprawl and de-territorialization processes and to get to a more balanced modal share. Research efforts, those of the last decade in particular, are then focused on finding causal relations between land use and transport, in order to support - or in some cases to undermine - integrated policies (e.g. Transit Oriented Development in the USA or the ABC policy in the Netherlands). Despite the amount and variety of studies devoted to this topic, this relation is still far from being understood and empirically proven, turning out to be a very complex and disputed issue. Considering the evolution of the literature on the relation between the spatial structure of cities and the inhabitants' travel behaviour, a gradual softening of positions can be identified, so that unambiguous positions are disappearing. Analyzing the literature about the relation between transport and land use, the paper will identify the main emerging problematic issues and controversies. Not denying the importance of causal relations between urban structure and mobility styles, the question that will be addressed, and that underlies the analysis, is whether the evidence for this relation should be considered as a staging post for devising policies to counter de-territorialization processes and unsustainable lifestyles or not.

The COVID-19 pandemic raises questions on the ever-growing urban concentration that characterizes our society and various experts are pointing out the need to rethink our cities. At the same time, a number of voices advocate for a rediscovery of the rural. However naive they may sound, these claims have the merit to call for a thorough reflection on the challenges and potentials that alternative modes of urbanisation could bring along. In order to provide a contribution in this direction, the article introduces the challenges that the present sanitary emergency raises for contemporary urban environments, to then reflect on the reasons behind the progressive abandonment of remote rural areas, and especially on the increasingly scarce accessibility to services they offer to their inhabitants. The authors argue that policies dedicated to counteract these trends are needed, in order to enhance the overall resilience of our societies. In this concern, the National Strategy for Inner Areas, promoted by the Italian Government to trigger place-based territorial development in the remote areas of the country, is a promising way forward, and the present crisis constitutes a window of opportunity to further strengthen and refine its approach in the view of the coming EU programming period.

The COVID-19 pandemic raises questions on the ever-growing urban concentration that characterizes our society and various experts are pointing out the need to rethink our cities. At the same time, a number of voices advocate for a rediscovery of the rural. However naive they may sound, these claims have the merit to call for a thorough reflection on the challenges and potentials that alternative modes of urbanisation could bring along. In order to provide a contribution in this direction, the article introduces the challenges that the present sanitary emergency raises for contemporary urban environments, to then reflect on the reasons behind the progressive abandonment of remote rural areas, and especially on the increasingly scarce accessibility to services they offer to their inhabitants. The authors argue that policies dedicated to counteract these trends are needed, in order to enhance the overall resilience of our societies. In this concern, the National Strategy for Inner Areas, promoted by the Italian Government to trigger place-based territorial development in the remote areas of the country, is a promising way forward, and the present crisis constitutes a window of opportunity to further strengthen and refine its approach in the view of the coming EU programming period.

In the majority of European regions, territorial inequalities between main urban nodes and marginal territories are raising concerns and pose serious development challenges. Phenomena such as ageing, depopulation and impoverishment of inner areas, and the polarization of social, economic and cultural opportunities in urban areas are often the result of place-neutral, spatially-blind approaches and hinder the European objective of social, economic and territorial cohesion. Since a decade, the European Union is pushing towards more place-based approaches to development in order to face these challenges. The experiences of the River Agreements and the National Strategy for Inner Areas are relevant examples of the Italian take on the EU place-based logics, combining bottom-up and top-down logic within multilevel, multiactor and multifund context-sensitive processes. This contribution discusses the main features, potentials and limitations of the two approaches, aiming to contribute to the debate and policies for the sustainable reactivation of marginal areas and rebalance of territorial inequalities.