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The article analyzes the factors that negatively influence the modernization of Ukrainian society and, in particular, the reformation of its military sphere. Therefore, it is concluded that we need to clarify the content of a number of concepts concerning the status of Ukrainian society, the Russian-Ukrainian war, taking into account the experience of the new independent states. This will enable to form adequate and, if necessary, asymmetric answers to the internal and external challenges facing Ukraine at the present stage. The author proposes that the incentive for the formation of the responses are integrated concept of modernization of all spheres of Ukrainian society. The core of the reform should be the military sphere. It is precisely military reform that will allow a revival of a powerful defense-industrial complex. This, in turn, will contribute to the industrialization of our state. At the same time, as a result of military reform, a "new model of the army" should appear, new approaches to the Russian-Ukrainian war as a whole should emerge.

The article analyzes the factors that negatively influence democratic civilian control of the military sphere of Ukrainian society and civil-military relations in general. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a need to clarify the content of a number of concepts concerning the security environment, to fill the gaps that exist in the legal acts regarding this problem, to create the basis for the development of the legislative framework, which will facilitate the formation of stable civil-military relations and the development of a powerful military organization of Ukraine. Particularly relevant the problem consideration takes place on the eve of the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" by the Ukrainian parliament.

The article analyzes the background and the timeline of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1939–1940, which allowed Finland, the only one from the former colonies, to preserve sovereignty. Therewith the article considers the actions of Soviet Russia, and subsequently the USSR on the restoration of the empire from its collapse in 1917 and the end of the Second World War. It is concluded that the actions of the metropolis have not undergone significant changes both in form and content. Therefore the Winter War experience gives reason to generate adequate, and if necessary – asymmetric responses to the challenges facing Ukraine today. The author substantiates the idea that the core of the renewal of Ukrainian society should be the military reform. It will allow to revive a powerful defense-industrial complex. And this, in turn, will contribute to restoring the industrial potential of our state. At the same time, as a result of military reform, there should appear a "new model of the army" in Ukraine, and new approaches to the Russian-Ukrainian war should emerge.