Suchergebnisse

Abstract
This study considers the issue of racial profiling in traffic stop citations for young Hispanic male citizens (YHM), young Black male citizens (YBM), and young White male (YWM) citizens stopped while driving a luxury brand car in either majority white cities or majority Hispanic cities. The current study utilized two different datasets: the Illinois traffic stop data (2016–18) and the 2016 LEMAS. The authors used the social conditioning model and illusory correlation as a theoretical explanation for police officer decision-making. The current findings show evidence of racial profiling only for stops involving YHM drivers stopped in majority white cities while driving a luxury brand car for either a safety stop or an investigatory stop ending in a citation. No evidence of racial profiling was found for either YBM drivers stopped in majority white cities or for either YBM drivers or YWM drivers stopped in majority Hispanic cities.

This study examines the administration of capital punishment in Kentucky. Comparing execution and death to life commutation cases from 1901–2019, we consider the purpose of the commutation process and its utilization considering offender-victim relationships and the severity of the homicide as determined by the Barnett Scale. While a higher score on the Barnett Scale predicted execution, there remained a pattern of racial discrimination between the two decisions.

This study uses social learning theory to examine whether differential associations with e-cigarette-using peers is related to personal e-cigarette use among youth, and the extent to which this relationship is explained by personal risk perceptions of e-cigarettes. Moreover, this study tests whether the mediation process is moderated by type of e-cigarette user. This study uses a sample of high school seniors from the 2016 Monitoring the Future Study ( N = 2,100), and a subsample of e-cigarette users ( n = 523). Analyses are carried out using OLS and logistic regression. Findings demonstrate that higher levels of peer e-cigarette use are related to higher odds of personal e-cigarette use, but that risk perceptions of e-cigarettes only explain a modest portion of that relationship (about 10%). Furthermore, the mediation process does not appear to vary by type of e-cigarette user. Future directions and policy implications are discussed.