Suchergebnisse

While more and more governments use their purchasing power to stimulate green production and to promote social goals such as re-employment, integrating aspects concerning human rights compliance in the supply chain seems to be the next logical step in the ongoing trend of sustainable procurement. However, pursuing human rights goals within the context of EU regulated tendering procedures – originally set up and regulated from an economic perspective – can be challenging. While the desire of national legislators and public authorities to find ways to reconcile their economic goals with the promotion of human rights compliance grows, the scope they have to do so on the basis of the new European Directives is still unclear. This paper will illustrate that, although the new Directives seem to have expanded this scope, they will also set the ground for further discussion and legal uncertainty with regard to the question what Member States and contracting authorities are allowed (or maybe even obligated) to do in this respect. This illustration will be based on the analysis of two of the most striking new provisions within the proposed Directive, relevant with regard to promoting human rights considerations in public procurement (regulation), being article 18(2) and article 67 of the new Directive 2014/24 EU.

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

Die Blechmassivumformung erlaubt die effiziente Herstellung von leichtbaugerechten Funktionsbauteilen mit verschiedenartigen Nebenformelementen in einem kombinierten einstufigen Tiefzieh- und Stauchprozess. Durch die Analyse der Umformergebnisse mit konventionellem Halbzeug anhand von Gefügeschliffbildern und Härtemessungen lassen sich Bauteilfehler in Form von Falten und Rillen identifizieren. Diese lassen sich größtenteils auf einen dreiachsigen Spannungs- und Dehnungszustand sowie eine inadäquate Formfüllung zurückführen. Eine signifikante Verbesserung der Bauteilqualität kann durch den Einsatz von maßgeschneiderten Halbzeugen in der untersuchten Prozesskette ermöglicht werden. Durch die Herstellung der Halbzeuge in einem Taumelprozess kann eine gezielte Materialvorverteilung erfolgen, welche die Formfüllung deutlich erhöhen und in Folge dessen die auftretenden Bauteilfehler reduzieren kann. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten am Lehrstuhl für Fertigungstechnologie beschäftigen sich demnach mit der Erweiterung des Einsatzbereichs von maßgeschneiderten Halbzeugen.
 
Sheet Bulk Metal Forming enables the efficient manufacturing of functional lightweight components with different functional elements in a combined single stage deep drawing and upsetting process. By investigating the forming results with a conventional blank, regarding the properties like grain structure and Vickers hardness distribution, process limitations such as buckling and folding can be detected. These failures occur due to a three-dimensional stress and strain state as well as an insufficient die filling. A significant improvement of the quality of the produced parts can be enabled by the use of Tailored Blanks in the investigated process chain. With the manufacturing of the semi-finished parts by orbital forming, an adapted material pre-distribution can be realized, thus improving the die filling followed by a decrease of the parts' failures. Current research at the Institute of Manufacturing Technology focuses on the extension of the applicability of Tailored Blanks.

AbstractUp to 30% of European HIV‐positive patients tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) are seropositive. All co‐infected patients with chronic HCV and ≥F2 fibrosis should be considered for HCV therapy given their increased risk of death from liver disease. Despite this the extent to which co‐infected patients initiate HCV treatment is not well described. The aims of this study were to determine the rate of HCV treatment uptake among co‐infected patients and to estimate the effect of treatment on all‐cause and liver‐related death. EuroSIDA patients positive for HCV antibody and HCV‐RNA were included in the study. Baseline was defined as the date of recruitment or HCV seroconversion, whichever occurred later. Poisson regression was used to identify temporal changes and regional differences in HCV treatment uptake (use of at least interferon‐α [peg‐IFN]± ribavirin) and to study the association between HCV treatment and progression to all‐cause and liver‐related death. 1947 patients were included, with a median follow‐up time of 107 months (IQR: 57–156). Overall 456 (23.4%) of HIV/HCV co‐infected patients have received HCV therapy so far. The incidence of HCV treatment rose from 0.29 (95% CI: 0.13–0.45) per 100 person‐years follow‐up in 1998 to 5.26 (95% CI: 3.87–65) in 2007, before falling to 3.73 (95% CI: 2.40–5.06) in 2009. There were considerable regional differences (Figure). In a multivariable model treatment incidence increased 11.0% (95% CI: 4.0–18.4; p=0.0016) per 2 calendar years. Patients with CD4 cell counts greater than 350 cell/mm3 (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.75 [1.37–2.23; p < 0.0001]), HIV‐RNA less than 500 copies/ml (IRR: 1.58 [1.18–2.12; p=0.0023]), with HCV genotype 3 (IRR: 1.55 [1.21–1.98; p=0.0006]) compared to genotype 1) and those from south (IRR: 1.99 (1.45–2.72; p<0.0001) and east central Europe (IRR: 1.61 [1.11–2.34; p=0.011]) compared to west Europe, were more likely to initiate treatment. In a multivariable model treatment for HCV was not significantly associated with all‐cause death (355 deaths, IRR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.54–1.19; p=0.28]) or liver‐related death (95 deaths, IRR: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.50–2.02; p=0.99]). The incidence of treatment for HCV among co‐infected patients increased from 1998 until 2007 and was common in those with higher CD4 cell counts and lower HIV‐RNA, consistent with HCV treatment guidelines. HCV treatment was not associated with all‐cause or liver‐related death in this population.
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