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This open access book looks at how, in the 17th and 18th centuries, a new loanword private came into the Nordic languages. It had very little to do with the way we define the word today. Still, the introduction of it contributed to an emerging discourse that clearly distinguished between the public - usually identified with the state - and its opposite. Private/Public in 18th-Century Scandinavia includes ten case studies analysed by leading Swedish and Danish researchers in the fields of history, law, archaeology, and theology. It considers whether the modern sense of the word private can be found in material from the period. The questions are approached through a multitude of different sources, including parliamentary-records, letters, newspapers, architectural drawings, archaeological findings, records of probate courts, legislation, and court cases. The volume starts from the assumption that the private and the public neither were, nor are, fully separated, but instead continuously work in relation to each other. To study the private, it argues, we are compelled to pay special attention to the public and how private and public interacted. Privacy and protection of privacy remains of great topical interest and this book contributes to the present-day debate by examining neglected aspects of the history of the private before these concepts gained their modern meaning. In addition to investigating the history of these concepts in Scandinavia, the text offers a general theoretical reflection about what private was and is.The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by The Centre for Privacy Studies, University of Copenhagen

"This book presents a comprehensive history of law and religion in the Nordic context. The intwinement of law and religion in Scandinavia encompasses an unusual history, not widely known, yet important for its impact on contemporary political and international relations in the region. The volume provides a holistic picture from the first written legal sources of the twelfth century to the law of the present secular welfare states. It recounts this history through biographical case studies. Taking the point of view of major influential figures in church, politics, university, and law, it thus presents the principal actors who served as catalysts in ecclesiastical and secular law through the centuries. This refreshing approach to legal history contributes to a new trend in historiography, particularly articulated by a younger generation of experienced Nordic scholars whose work is featured prominently in this volume"--

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction -- Part 1 Translation and Interpretation of Law -- Chapter 1 Why Laws were Translated in Medieval England: Access, Authority, and Authenticity -- Chapter 2 Translating Justinian: Transmitting and Transforming Roman Law in the Middle Ages -- Chapter 3 Leges Iutorum: The Medieval Latin Translation of the Law of Jutland -- Chapter 4 The Languages and Registers of Law in Medieval Ireland and Wales -- Part 2 The Languages of Legal Practice and Documentary Culture -- Chapter 5 Latin and the Vernacular in Medieval Legal Documents: The Case of Denmark -- Chapter 6 Between the Language of Law and the Language of Justice: The Use of Formulas in Portuguese Dispute Texts (Tenth and Eleventh Centuries) -- Chapter 7 The Dangers of Using Latin Texts for the Study of Customary Law: The Example of Flemish Feudal Law during the High Middle Ages -- Chapter 8 Sources of Legal Language: The Development of Warranty Clauses in Western France, ca.1030-ca.1240 -- Part 3 Methodology, Interaction, and Language -- Chapter 9 Law and Language in the Leges Barbarorum: A Database Project on the Vernacular Vocabulary in Medieval Manuscripts -- Chapter 10 'And Since We are No Lawyers, We Will Void the Lawsuit with Battle Axes'! Voiding a Lawsuit in Old Icelandic Procedural Law -- Chapter 11 Biblical Analogues for Early Anglo-Saxon Law -- Index

Preliminary Material -- General Introduction /Kim Esmark and Hans Jacob Orning -- Introduction to Part One /Hans Jacob Orning -- Conflict and Social (dis)order in Norway, c. 1030–1160 /Hans Jacob Orning -- Kingship, Women and Politics in Morkinskinna /Auður Magnúsdóttir -- How to Legitimate Rebellion and Condemn Usurpation of the Crown: Discourses of Fidelity and Treason in the Gesta Danorum of Saxo Grammaticus /Lars Hermanson -- Introduction to Part Two /Helle Vogt and Kim Esmark -- The Power to Judge: Jurisdiction in Property Conflicts in Thirteenth-Century Denmark /Helle Vogt -- Disputing Property in Zealand: The Records of the Sorø Donation Book /Kim Esmark -- Gifts and Society in Fourteenth Century Sweden /Catharina Andersson -- The Field of Property Devolution in Norway During the Late Middle Ages: Inheritance Settlements, Marriage Contracts and Legal Disputes /Lars Ivar Hansen -- The Feelings in the Feud: The Emotional Turn in the Study of Medieval Vengeance /Stephen D. White -- The Rules of Conflict Among the Warrior Aristocracy of the High Middle Ages /Gerd Althoff -- Legal History and the History of Disputes /John Hudson -- Bibliography -- General Index -- Index of Names -- Index of Places.