Suchergebnisse

The aim of the study is broadening the scientific understanding and also changing the traditional research paradigm regarding role of memory in the process of literary creativity. The article attempts to summarize the main results of an experimental study of regulatory memory in the process of literary creativity of preteens. Regulatory functions are defined as a specific aspect of memory manifestation, which is the construction and regulation of activities performed, as opposed to the cognitive functions that provide for storing, transforming, preserving and updating information in the form of reproduction and recognition, which forms the traditional aspect of studying memory. It is established that the regulatory functions in the process of literary creativity is to organize the structural components of this process. The specifics of memory functioning in the structure of the author's and readers' literary creation of schoolchildren are analyzed. As the ways of activating the literary creativity are determined the formation of skills of processing verbal information with a mnemonic purpose, mastering algorithms of logical operations, enriching the active vocabulary, assimilation of the structure of texts of different types. The study provides a theoretical and methodological basis for creating of new development programs for children of all ages.

Abstract

Background: Most societies have a negative attitude toward gossip and managers are concerned about the impact of gossips on the communication in an organizational environment. Our study examined the perception of gossip, and the context of gossip at different levels of a hospital, a case of organization with high communicational relation among staff. Also, the differences between the gossip context within the organizational context and within the social environment have been considered.

Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 informants, 9 in each of three groups: nurses, supervisors and managers of the Hospital. Recorded interviews were analyzed using content analysis, and results for each group of respondents were compared. Finally, the main gossiping issues for each group were categorized.

Results: The study revealed that the topics of gossip in a hospital can be divided into eight main categories, and 34 sub-categories all identifiable by special topics. These main topics included confidentiality issues, merits, financial status/standing, personal characteristics, position, communications, biography, and job conditions. In terms of organizational gossip, a person's merit in the workplace and financial standing were of particular interest to the participants of this study. Also, the gossip topics at different levels among nurses, administrators, and managers had significant differences.

Conclusion: Managers should acknowledge different gossip contents among people at different organizational levels, and that employees do not have the same motives for communication at different organizational levels. Additionally, the distances between contents in the Tendency to Gossip Questionnaire and categories in the organizational environment need more studies, to explore precedents and outputs. Managers may use these findings to facilitate organizational change and communication.