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The analysis of literature data on one of the actual problem of modern cell biophysics and biotechnology dealing with mesenchimal stem cells and cordial progenitor cells taking part in reparation of myocardium after its injury and first of all after myocardial infarction was done. Biological properties and potential ability of these cells in reparation processes of myocardium are considered. The recent data on experiments using experimental animals and patients are given. The approaches to increase the efficacy of сell technologies in treatment of injured cardiomyocytes are discussed.

The given review is an attempt of concentrated consideration of flow cytometry problem which is widely used as a fundamental research approach in various fields of biology like cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry and molecular biology and also in applied and diagnostic medicine. The method principle, construction of flow cytometers and their possibilities (study of structure and function state of cell populations and cell sorting), usage of lasers in flow cytometers, wide assortment of fluorophores and monoclonal antibodies. The concrete examples of flow cytometer methods in different experiments are given. The trends in development of flow cytometry are considered.

This review is devoted to one of the actual problem of modern biology and medicine, we are witnessing. The text provides information on 3D printing method, equipment that is used to manufacture of three-dimensional bioproducts and the nature of the consumable materials - bioinks, fillers and cells which during printing transform into three-dimensional bioproduct characterized by vitality and expression of specific marker factors of corresponding tissues and organs. Special emphasis in this review is made on prospects of use of stem cells which are along with a variety of cells of tissues and organs have found application in bioprinting. Three methods of bioprinting: inkjet, extrusion and laser are described. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Bioinks, their properties applicability to various printing technologies and strategy selection of bioink and cell composition defining viability of three-dimensional structures and possibility of their application in clinical praxis are detailly described. Short list of achievements in the field of bioprinting of various organism tissues and the characteristics of the bioproducts obtained are given. Significant progress and promising research in the field of 3D bioprinting are marked.

The recent data on epigenetic control of differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells to be the background of embryogenesis and regeneration process in organism are considered. Epigenetic control is bases on three intramolecular mechanisms – DNA methylation, structural modification of histone proteins and microRNA active on posttranscription and posttranslation levels. As an example, the issues of stem cell differentiation in the liver are considered.

Three fundamental processes running in plant organisms under influence of environment (light, gravity) and key importance were considered. In the light case these are phytоchrome regulation and phototropism considering process is gravitropism. Phytochrome is responsible for regulatory reaction at the inhibition of which the plants cannot be normally developed. The plants do not need phototropism and gravitropism. They were elaborated by evolution as protective reactions to optimize the plant vitality. All these processes are realized according to one and the same logical scheme: stimulus reception, signaling processes in plant cell (transduction) and proper biological effect. According to this scheme the three reactions were considered. As the result the data adout the reception stages are principally different because receptor nature. Signaling processes proceed with participation of many low molecular and high molecular mediators to participate and biophysical, biochemical and genetic reactions. One fact attracts attention that the same mediators are involved to signaling ending by principally different final biological effect.This allows to suggest the existance in plant cell no separate chains for each stimulus but regulatory network formed by lateral and horizontal transduction chains.

Тhe mechanisms of differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells into the somatic cells of organs and tissues underlying embryogenesis and natural reparation processes and providing the structural and functional homeostasis of cells are considered. The data on adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, miogenic, and endothelial differentiations are given, which results in the formation of the cells of mesodermal origin in organism. The problem is discussed, how the transcription factors control each type of differentiation and participatе in them using various regulatory biomolecules, transcription factors, cytokines, and chimokins being in complicate permanent interactions and forming the integrity regulatory network. The participation in differentiation processes of a number of transcription factors (Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4 и GATA6) is discussed, the expression of which is under a permanent chemical control within the cellular regulatory network.

The nature and ways of isolation and cultivation in vitro of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the main cellular components of skin to prepare a new biomedical product, tissue dermal equivalent were considered. The main attention was payed to optimization of upbuilding dermal cell biomass including selection of medium compositions and conditions of cultivation. The information was given on main parameters of cell cultures as proliferation activity, viability and phenotype of the cells. Genotoxicity of fibroblasts and biocompatibility of the cells with organic matrixes to find the optimal carrier for cellular elements of tissue dermal equivalent were studied. The composition, the process of preparation of tissue dermal equivalent and perspectives of its practical application were discussed.