Suchergebnisse

Introduction: in the conditions of post-reform Russia the questions of training personnel of higher qualification has been repeatedly raised in the scientific community and one of the main issues was the question about graduate school. Especially this question became more urgent after Russia's accession to the Bologna agreement in 2003. Materials and Methods: the article examines the problematic aspects of the scientific, organizational and pedagogical factors, procedures and criteria. In the conditions of post-reform Russia the questions of training personnel of higher qualification has been repeatedly raised in the scientific community and one of the main issues was the question about graduate school. Especially this question became more urgent after Russia's accession to the Bologna agreement in 2003. The article explores the meaningful aspects of the scientific, organizational and pedagogical factors, procedures and criteria for the development and efficiency of the Institute of doctoral (Ph.D. in Russia) compared with similar in the European Union (doctorate) on the example of its functioning in Latvia.Results: discusses specific aspects of individual factors, procedures and criteria for the development of the Institute of postgraduate studies in Russia. On the example of the European experience, it becomes better understood form of innovation, and in fact, largely a destructive program (in relation to the preservation and development of schools in the reproduction of scientific-pedagogical personnel of higher qualification) have been actively conducted for 2015-the year of the reform of the Institute of postgraduate studies in Russia. Discussion and Conclusions: according to the research results the conclusions about the directions of improvement of training of highly qualified personnel in Russia, taking into account the European experience in this field. To revert to the old functionality targeted Russian postgraduate training of the teaching and research staff of higher qualification with doctoral degree, with the prospect of official recognition of this degree at the Ph.D. level (branches of science). "Unload" the educational program of the graduate school, primarily through the disciplines which were studied in master's and specialist degrees. In preparation for the thesis and the procedure of its protection to use foreign experience and promotion of scientific promotion in the spirit of the Bologna process while maintaining the best national traditions and stimulate the reproduction of the leading Russian scientific schools to address major fundamental and applied problems of achieving the world's priorities.

The article reports on the results of an economic and sociological study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with Daugavpils University (Latvia) in 2020-2021. The study aimed to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development of small towns in Latvia. A comprehensive approach was taken to integrate the results of territorial, spatial and socio-economic analyses. By employing the methodology of indexing and ranking large-scale empirical data characterising the development of all small towns in Latvia, the authors attempt to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development rate of small towns in Latvia. The index of territorial development of regions, cities and rural settlements was developed and has been tested by the State Agency for Regional Development of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their residents.

Youth unemployment is a serious problem in Latvia, as unemployed young people make up 16.3 % of the total number of unemployed in the country, while in the Latgale region the number of unemployed young people aged 15-24 years was 18.8 % of the total number of unemployed in the country in 2015. The purpose of this study is to identify the main current causes of high unemployment amongst young people in the Latgale region of Latvia aged 15-24 years. This age group of young people acted as a target group for sociological research based on a quota sample (by sex and age) in an online survey of respondents in 2016. The results of the study were processed using the Statistika program. The transformation of social and economic processes in the world, Europe and the post- Soviet space has led to changes in the labor market of young people, which are objective and subjective, contradictory, which continue to this day. It is established that the behavioral rationalism of young people (labor mobility, vocational education, etc.) in the regional labor market is combined with its behavioral irrationalism (lack of desire to work for various reasons, the need for contact with family and friends, etc.). This is due to the growing uncertainty in the youth labor market due to the growth of competition, the emergence and growth of flexible forms of employment, depriving young people of the clarity of career and confidence in the future. The survey results also show that the majority of unemployed youth in the Latgale region deliberately refuses to emigrate outside Latvia and would like to link their future with the region and the country.

The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim to define the concept of 'entrepreneurial potential' and elucidate the contribution of AI in augmenting the entrepreneurial potential among university students in the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the authors employ a range of methods, including comparative analysis, analogy, generalization, classification, and structural-functional analysis, among others. These methodologies are integrated within an interdisciplinary framework, enabling a comprehensive investigation of the subject matter. The comparative analysis of university entrepreneurship education in the Baltic States demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the notion of entrepreneurial potential. This study also considers the impact of academic mobility in the modern world, characterized by rapid and dynamic shifts in technology, markets, and business models. The study concludes that proficiency in working with AI-powered equipment and algorithms is of paramount importance in amplifying the entrepreneurial potential of students in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. This aspect is increasingly gaining attention from universities, which collaborate closely with the business sector, governmental bodies, and regional agencies to provide diverse forms of support to aspiring business students. The final part of the article addresses issues that require more active and innovative participation of academia in activities enhancing the role of student youth in the economic development of their countries and regions.