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Abstract  In this paper we return to an issue often discussed in the literature regarding the relationship between highway expansion and population change. Typically it simply is assumed that this relationship is well established and understood. We argue, following a thorough review of the relevant literature, that the notion that highway expansion leads to increased population growth in the vicinity of the improved infrastructure finds only weak and often conflicting support. Using data on all major highway expansions in Wisconsin covering the period from the late‐1960s through the 1990s from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), and census data at the minor civil division (MCD) level covering the period 1970 to 2000, we deploy the analytical tools of geographic information system (GIS) software, and theory from the expanding literature in spatial analysis and modeling, to take a fresh look at this relationship. Our analysis reveals that there is a modest relationship between highway expansion and population growth among MCDs within 10–20 miles of the expanded major highway. The causal structure, however, is complex. Our starting hypothesis argues that population growth precedes highway expansion as frequently as population growth results from highway expansion, but the data show otherwise. The dominant causal influence appears to flow from highway expansion to population growth.

Abstract By examining the 1979 income status of 1975–1980 inmigrants, outmigrants, and nonmigrants, we gauged the income effects of migration for a group of chronic low‐income counties in the nonmetropolitan South. The effects are demonstrated to be positive for the migrants themselves and negative for the low‐income counties. In both instances, however, the effects are unexpectedly small. By considering both in‐ and outmigrants, we show that these counties experienced a remarkable degree of income replacement and also present evidence that the results are not primarily due to the particular migration period under study. The findings give additional evidence of the substantial inefficiency at work in American migration patterns.

Little systematic work has been undertaken to explain highway impacts on population change. In this study, the authors review the literature in regional economics and demographics in an attempt to shed light on the mechanisms by which investments in highway infrastructure influence population change. First, they categorize the indirect causal paths by which highways influence population change at the county and municipal levels. Then they propose a spatio-temporal approach to revisit highway effects on population change from the stage of highway development and areal characteristics specifically. Finally, it is concluded that at the county and municipal levels, the effect of highways on population change varies from preconstruction to postconstruction periods and across urban, suburban, and rural areas.

FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Group Quarters Population and the American Community Survey -- 3 American Community Survey Data Products, Data Uses, and Data Needs -- 4 Sampling Frame Development and Maintenance -- 5 Sample Allocation and Selection -- 6 Weighting and Estimation -- References -- Appendix A: Participants in the Panel's Meeting with Data Users: December 13, 2010 -- Appendix B: 2011 American Community Survey: Housing Unit Questionnaire -- Appendix C: 2011 American Community Survey: Group Quarters Questionnaire -- Appendix D: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Virginia -- Appendix E: 2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data Tables That Highlight the Group Quarters Population in Goochland County, Virginia -- Appendix F: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs That Relied on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008 -- Appendix G: The 10 Largest Federal Assistance Programs with Funds Sent Directly to Substate Areas Based on ACS Total Population Estimates, Fiscal Year 2008 -- Appendix H: Plots of Relative Differences, ACS Estimates from 2005-2009, 2007-2009, and 2009 with Expected Estimates of the Group Quarters Population in U.S. States -- Appendix I: Plots of Relative Differences, 2005-2009 ACS Estimates and 2007 Expected Estimates of the Group Quarters Population in Selected Counties by Region -- Appendix J: Plots of Relative Differences, 2005-2009 ACS Estimates and 2007 Expected Estimates of the Group Quarters Population in Selected Areas with Populations Under 20,000 -- Appendix K: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff -- Committee on National Statistics.