Suchergebnisse

Politische Unruhen, Bürgerkriege und im Extrem Völkermord sind einige der Gründe für die enttäuschende Wirtschaftsentwicklung in vielen Entwicklungsländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten, vor allem in Afrika. Perioden andauernder Gewalt beeinflussen auch die Verteilung von Einkommen in den betroffenen Gesellschaften. Eine Ländervergleichsstudie zeigt steigende Ungleichheit im Verlauf von gewalttätigen Konflikten, vor allem in den ersten Jahren nach Kriegsende. Die möglichst rasche Aufarbeitung der kriegsbedingten Verwerfungen im wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Leben scheinen diesem Trend entgegenwirken zu können.

Political unrest, civil war, and - in extreme instances - genocide have contributed to the disappointing economic growth observed in many developing countries in recent decades, particularly in Africa. Sustained periods of violence also influence the distribution of income within a society; a cross-country analysis shows that income inequality increases as a result of violent conflicts, especially in the early post-war period. Immediate post-war efforts to address the social and economic disruption caused by conflict may help to counteract this trend.

Abstract
Based on longitudinal information from two waves of the Indonesian Family and LifeSurvey (IFLS) in 2000 and 2007, we find evidence that migrants are self-selectedalong higher individual aspirations acquired (or, inherited) beforemigration. About 70 per cent of aspiration differentials can be explained by factorssuch as young age, good education, or superior socio-economic background, while theresidual seems to be linked to an individual pre-disposition for higher aspirations.However, despite the fact that migration is economically beneficial for mostmigrants, the migration experience itself seems to further increase economicaspirations, hereby trapping migrants on a 'hedonic treadmill'.

JEL classification: D03; J61; R23

Die Marineoperation im Golf von Aden hat auch im vergangenen Jahr das Ausmaß der Piraterie vor den Küsten Somalias nicht entscheidend verringern können. Neben einer sich extrem schwierig gestaltenden Strafverfolgung führt vor allem die Größe des betroffenen Seegebiets dazu, dass Piraten bei ihren Attacken oft ungestört bleiben und nur in seltenen Fällen verurteilt werden können. Zudem zeigt sich, dass durch die Präsenz der Marine im Golf von Aden das Problem lediglich auf die offene See verlagert wird. Dennoch erfüllt die Marineoperation einen wichtigen Zweck: Um einer Eskalation der Gewalt und einer Verwicklung in den Krieg gegen den Terror aus dem Weg zu gehen, meiden die Piratengruppen den Kontakt zu islamistischen Gruppen in Somalia. Eine Finanzierung des globalen Terrors über die erpressten Lösegelder konnte so bisher verhindert und so ein bedeutender Beitrag zur internationalen Sicherheit geleistet werden.

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the international naval mission in the Gulf of Aden from 2008 to 2010, both in terms of its counter-piracy and its counter-terrorism objectives. We draw on arguments developed in the literature of law and economics, detailed statistical analyses and a large number of in depth interviews. Counter-piracy operations are a qualified success: their main effects are the stabilisation of attacks at a high level and the substitution between the relatively well protected transit corridor in the Gulf of Aden and the open sea. However, the counter-piracy measures appear to deter pirates from forming alliances with Islamist movements and may therefore make a major contribution to international security. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]

This paper analyzes the distributive impacts of violent conflicts, which is in contrast to previous literature that has focused on the other direction. We use cross-country panel data for the time period 1960-2005 to estimate war-related changes in income inequality. Our results indicate rising levels of inequality during war and especially in the early period of post-war reconstruction. However, we find that this rise in income inequality is not permanent. While inequality peaks around five years after the end of a conflict, it declines again to pre-war levels within the end of the first post-war period. Lagged effects of conflict and only subsequent adjustments of redistributive policies in the period of post-war reconstruction seem to be valid explanations for these patterns of inequality. A series of alternative specifications confirms the main findings of the analysis.

This paper analyzes the distributive impacts of violent conflicts, which is in contrast to previous literature that has focused on the other direction. We use cross-country panel data for the time period 1960-2005 to estimate war-related changes in income inequality. Our results indicate rising levels of inequality during war and especially in the early period of post-war reconstruction. However, we find that this rise in income inequality is not permanent. While inequality peaks around five years after the end of a conflict, it declines again to pre-war levels within the end of the first post-war period. Lagged effects of conflict and only subsequent adjustments of redistributive policies in the period of post-war reconstruction seem to be valid explanations for these patterns of inequality. A series of alternative specifications confirms the main findings of the analysis.