Suchergebnisse

U radu se diskutuje značaj koji konsultativni proces sa decom u školi ima u kreiranju konteksta koji će podsticati njihov razvoj i učenje, obezbediti poštovanje prava deteta i donošenje odluka koje su u njihovom najboljem interesu. Predstavljene su i najčešće prepreke koje otežavaju proces konsultacija s učenicima, kako na nivou pojedinaca (nastavnika) i njihove ideje o prirodi deteta i ulozi participativnih iskustava u razvoju i učenju tako i na nivou obrazovnog sistema koji je odraslocentričan i nedovoljno inkluzivan kada je o reč o slušanju i uvažavanju perspektive učenika. Prepreke za konsultativni proces su diskutovane u svetlu različitih participativnih projekata i istraživanja koja ukazuju na važnost konsultacija učenika. Date su preporuke za uspostavljanje prakse demokratskog dijaloga u školama, koje pretpostavljaju kako restrukturaciju, tj. promenu stavova odraslih aktera obrazovnog procesa, tako i rekulturaciju, tj. promenu načina na koji školski sistem funkcioniše. ; This paper discusses the importance of the consultation process with children in schools for creating a context that will stimulate their development and learning and ensure that children's rights are respected and that decisions are made in their best interest. The paper also looks at the most common obstacles that impede the process of consultation with students, both at the level of the individual (the teacher) and their ideas about the nature of children and the role of participatory experiences in development and learning, and at the level of the education system which is adult-centric and insufficiently inclusive with regard to listening to and acknowledging the students' perspective. Obstacles to the consultation process are discussed with reference to various participatory projects and studies that highlight the importance of consulting with students. Recommendations are given for establishing the practice of democratic dialogue in schools, which requires both restructuring, i.e. a change in the attitude of adult actors in the education process, and reculturation, i.e. a change in the way in which the school system functions.

Transformative potential of participatory research with children as participants is reflected in promoting the image of the child as an active actor in the social community, an equal partner whose voice is heard and appreciated, as well as in a critical reconsideration of an adult- centred perspective in research, based on hierarchical power relations between children and adults. The paper critically discusses the theoretical and methodological grounds which serve as the basis for the adult- centred perspective and analyses the factors that have significantly contributed to the change in research paradigm when it comes to the status of children in research: critical re- examination of methodology and objectives of certain social sciences, the movements calling for the emancipation of marginalised social groups and new policies in the field of protecting children's rights. Transformative potential of participatory research is discussed both from the perspective of the role and position of adults in research process (adults' responsibility: personal and epistemological reflexivity) and the relationship between adults and children in research (the change of attitudes towards children and redefining the traditional roles of adults and children: the cooperative vs. hierarchical model of power), as well as in relation to: the change in the position of research participants (children), visibility of their perspective in public discourse and the development of competences and values important for living in a democratic society.

U radu smo se bavili slikom učenika osnovne škole u Srbiji u prvoj polovini XIX veka otvarajući sledeća istraživačka pitanja: 1) koliki je bio obuhvat dece osnovnim obrazovanjem, 2) kakvi su bili uslovi rada u školi, 3) koji vaspitni postupci učitelja su dominirali i 4) kakav je bio položaj učenika u nastavnom procesu. Analiza arhivske građe, osnovnoškolskih zakona i uputstava za učitelje, pokazala je da u uslovima kada osnovno obrazovanje nije bilo obavezno, kada nisu postojale adekvatne školske zgrade, a neretko ni osnovni školski nameštaj, udžbenici i školski pribor, projektovani ciljevi prosvetnih vlasti nisu mogli da se postignu. Osnovnu školu pohađalo je oko pet odsto dece, koja su ulagala veliki napor da istraju u obrazovanju, uprkos tome što su organizacija i razvoj osnovnoškolskog obrazovanja bili tek u začetku. Takođe, nepostojanje profesionalno osposobljenog učiteljskog kadra imalo je za posledicu da su u školi reprodukovani obrasci patrijarhalnog modela vaspitanja u kome se odnos odraslih (učitelja) prema deci zasnivao na razvijanju strahopoštovanja, a nastavni proces ostajao u tradicionalnim okvirima 'prenošenja znanja', što je održavalo sliku o detetu/učeniku kao o'biću u nastajanju', koje je nezrelo i pasivno u procesu sopstvenog razvoja. ; In our research we tried to reveal the image of elementary-school pupils in Serbia in the first half of the nineteenth century by opening the following questions: 1) how many children were included in elementary education, 2) what were working conditions like, 3) which teachers' procedures prevailed and 4) what was the position of the student in the teaching process? The analysis of archive material, elementary school legislation and instructions for teachers showed that, in the conditions when elementary education was not obligatory, and appropriate school buildings, adequate school furniture, textbooks or teaching aids did not exist, in most cases the official educational aims could not be achieved. Only 5% of children attended elementary school and they invested a lot of effort to persevere in education despite the fact that the organization and the development of elementary education were rudimentary. Also, the non­existence of professional teaching cadre resulted in the models of education which were, in fact, reproduced patriarchal models in which the relation of the adults (teachers) towards children was based on developing reverence, and the teaching process remained within the traditional frame of transmitting knowledge, which sustained the image of the child/pupil as an 'emerging being', immature and passive in the process of their own development.

AbstractIntroductionComprehensive and interprofessional undergraduate teaching and training in special care dentistry (SCD) could influence future dentists' attitudes towards patients with disabilities. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of role play as part of SCD training on the attitudes of undergraduates towards patients with disabilities.MethodThe students attending the SCD module during the autumn semester of 2019 comprised our target population. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare the attitudinal scores between three groups of students exposed to different modalities of SCD teaching: group 1 – didactic teaching (N = 92), group 2 – didactic teaching and clinical training in the dental treatment of children or elderly patients with disabilities (N = 142), group 3 – theoretical teaching and clinical training, accompanied by role play sessions featuring persons with disabilities (N = 20). The contact rate was 100%. The outcomes of the intervention were measured using the altruism scale, which forms part of the International Association for Disability and Oral Health (iADH) Toolbox for measuring attitudes and intended behaviors towards persons with disabilities.ResultsThe analysis revealed the two‐factor structure of the nine‐item altruism scale. The first factor was described as the acceptance of oral health care as a universal human right, while the second was the perception of the contribution of marginalised groups, including people with disabilities, to the community. The students participating in the role play scored higher on both factors in comparison to those attending other modes of SCD training.ConclusionThe presented findings suggested role play as a powerful tool in fostering positive attitudes towards persons with disabilities in the education of dental students and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary training.