Suchergebnisse

Background: Environmental factors determine children's health. Quantifying the health impacts related to environmental hazards for children is essential to prioritize interventions to improve health in Europe. Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of childhood disease due to environmental risks across the European Union. Methods: We conducted an environmental burden of childhood disease assessment in the 28 countries of the EU (EU28) for seven environmental risk factors (particulate matter less than 10 micrometer of diameter (PM10) and less than 2.5 micrometer of diameter (PM2.5), ozone, secondhand smoke, dampness, lead, and formaldehyde). The primary outcome was disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), assessed from exposure data provided by the World Health Organization, Global Burden of Disease project, scientific literature, and epidemiological risk estimates. Results: The seven studied environmental risk factors for children in the EU28 were responsible for around 211,000 DALYs annually. Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) was the main environmental risk factor, producing 59% of total DALYs (125,000 DALYs), followed by secondhand smoke with 20% of all DALYs (42,500 DALYs), ozone 11% (24,000 DALYs), dampness 6% (13,000 DALYs), lead 3% (6200 DALYs), and formaldehyde 0.2% (423 DALYs). Conclusions: Environmental exposures included in this study were estimated to produce 211,000 DALYs each year in children in the EU28, representing 2.6% of all DALYs in children. Among the included environmental risk factors, air pollution (particulate matter and ozone) was estimated to produce the highest burden of disease in children in Europe, half of which was due to the effects of PM10 on infant mortality. Effective policies to reduce environmental pollutants across Europe are needed.

Introduction Metabolomics may identify biological pathways predisposing children to the risk of overweight and obesity. In this study, we have investigated the cord blood metabolic signatures of rapid growth in infancy and overweight in early childhood in four European birth cohorts. Methods Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic profiles were measured in cord blood from 399 newborns from four European cohorts (ENVIRONAGE, Rhea, INMA and Piccolipiu). Rapid growth in the first year of life and overweight in childhood was defined with reference to WHO growth charts. Metabolome-wide association scans for rapid growth and overweight on over 4500 metabolic features were performed using multiple adjusted logistic mixed-effect models and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5%. In addition, we performed a look-up analysis of 43 pre-annotated metabolites, previously associated with birthweight or rapid growth. Results In the Metabolome-Wide Association Study analysis, we identified three and eight metabolites associated with rapid growth and overweight, respectively, after FDR correction. Higher levels of cholestenone, a cholesterol derivative produced by microbial catabolism, were predictive of rapid growth (p = 1.6 x 10(-3)). Lower levels of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) valine (p = 8.6 x 10(-6)) were predictive of overweight in childhood. The area under the receiver operator curve for multivariate prediction models including these metabolites and traditional risk factors was 0.77 for rapid growth and 0.82 for overweight, compared with 0.69 and 0.69, respectively, for models using traditional risk factors alone. Among the 43 pre-annotated metabolites, seven and five metabolites were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with rapid growth and overweight, respectively. The BCAA leucine, remained associated (1.6 x 10(-3)) with overweight after FDR correction. Conclusion The metabolites identified here may assist in the identification of children at risk of developing obesity and improve understanding of mechanisms involved in postnatal growth. Cholestenone and BCAAs are suggestive of a role of the gut microbiome and nutrient signalling respectively in child growth trajectories. ; This research was supported by European Commission Horizon 2020 Grant to the 'STOP Project' (Grant ref. 774548). This study was funded by the European Union Social Fund and the Hellenic Ministry of Health ("Programme of prevention and early diagnosis of obesity and neurodevelopment disorders in preschool-age children in the prefecture of Heraklion, Crete, Greece' MIS number 349580, NSRF 2007-2013). Additional funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) supported Dr. Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, R21ES028903 and P30ES007048). The ENVIRONAGE birth-cohort is supported by the EU Program 'Ideas' (ERC-2012-StG-310898) and the FWO (G082317N), a PhD fellowship of the Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds (BOF) at Hasselt University supported MD Alfano. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017", SEV-2012-0208 and 'Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya' (2017SGR595). O.R. was supported by a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (MR/S03532X/1).

This study was funded by grants from the Eulji University (grant numbers ESCAPE project FP7-ENV-2007-1-211250, DENAMIC project FP7-ENV-2011-282957, HELIX project FP7-ENV-2012-308333, and MEDALL project HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI03/1615 incl. FEDER funds, PI04/1112 incl. FEDER funds, PI041436, PI04/1509 incl. FEDER funds, PI04/1931 incl. FEDER funds, PI042018 incl. FEDER funds, PI05/1079 incl. FEDER funds, PI05/1052 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI06/0867, PI06/1213 incl. FEDER funds, PI07/0314 incl. FEDER funds, PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-PI09/00090, PI09/02311 incl. FEDER funds, PI09/02647 incl. FEDER funds, PI11/01007 incl. FEDER funds, PI11/02591 incl. FEDER funds, PI11/02038 incl. FEDER funds, PI13/1944 incl. FEDER funds, PI13/2032 incl. FEDER funds, PI13/02429 incl. FEDER funds, PI14/00891 incl. FEDER funds, PI14/01687 incl. FEDER funds, PI15/00118 incl. FEDER funds, PI16/1288 incl. FEDER funds, and PI17/00663 incl. FEDER funds, PI18/00547 incl. FEDER funds, PI18/00909 incl. FEDER funds; CP11/00178, CP15/00025, and CPII16/00051; MS13/00054 incl. FEDER funds), CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (grant numbers 2005111093, 2013111089), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT (grant numbers 1999SGR 00241), Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (grant numbers UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (grant number DFG06/002), Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, Fundació La marató de TV3 (grant number090430), Obra Social Cajastur/Fundación Liberbank, Universidad de Oviedo, and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area of the Gipuzkoa sub-cohort (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia, Azpeitia and Beasain). ISGlobal is a member of the Agency for the Research Centres of Catalonia (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya.

This research was funded by grants from Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III-Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (INMA Network G03/176, CB06/02/0041, and FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1436, PI08/1151,PI04/2018, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI06/0867, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PS09/00090, PI09/02311, MS11/0178, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI16/1288, and PI17/00663, and Miguel Servet-FEDER: MSII16/00051), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, JCI-2011–09771–MICINN,Generalitat Valenciana (Conselleria de Sanitat-048/2010 and 060/2010 and FISABIO-UGP 15-230, 15-244, and 15-249), Alicia Koplowitz Foundation (2017), Universidad de Oviedo, Fundación Cajastur-Liberbank, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093 and 2009111069), the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/004 and DFG08/001), and the Fundación Roger Torné. This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects "CP14/00108 & PI16/00261" (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund "A way to make Europe"), Fundació Maratò TV3 (201622 10). Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa hold a Miguel Servet contract (MS14/00108, MS13/00054 and MSII16/00051, respectively) awarded by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness).

This study was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Spanish Ministry of Health (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; FIS 97/0588; 00/0021-2; PI061756; PS0901958; FIS-FEDER 03/1615; 04/1509; 04/1112; 04/1931; 05/1079; 05/1052; 06/1213; 07/0314; 09/02647; FIS-FEDER 18/00909; FIS-PI041436; FIS-PI081151; FIS-PI06/0867; FIS-PS09/00090; FIS-PI04/2018; FIS-PI09/02311; FIS PI11/01007; FIS-PI13/02429; MS13/00054, CPII18/00018; PI12/01890; CP13/00054; PI18/00825) University of Oviedo, Conselleria de Sanitat Generalitat Valenciana, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR 2009 SGR 501 and 2014 SGR 822. Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, and 201311089) the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/004 and DFG08/001), annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area of Gipuzkoa (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain), Fundació Marató TV3 (20162210 and 090430). ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 incl. FEDER funds), Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l'Alimentation de l'Environnement et du Travail (1262C0010), EU Commission (261357, 308333, 603794, and 634453).

Highly prevalent and typically beginning in childhood, asthma is a burdensome disease, yet the risk factors for this condition are not clarified. To enhance understanding, this study assessed the cohort-specific and pooled risk of maternal education on asthma in children aged 3–8 across 10 European countries. Data on 47,099 children were obtained from prospective birth cohort studies across 10 European countries. We calculated cohort-specific prevalence difference in asthma outcomes using the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII). Results from all countries were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis procedures to obtain mean RII and SII scores at the European level. Final models were adjusted for child sex, smoking during pregnancy, parity, mother's age and ethnicity. The higher the score the greater the magnitude of relative (RII, reference 1) and absolute (SII, reference 0) inequity. The pooled RII estimate for asthma risk across all cohorts was 1.46 (95% CI 1.26, 1.71) and the pooled SII estimate was 1.90 (95% CI 0.26, 3.54). Of the countries examined, France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands had the highest prevalence's of childhood asthma and the largest inequity in asthma risk. Smaller inverse associations were noted for all other countries except Italy, which presented contradictory scores, but with small effect sizes. Tests for heterogeneity yielded significant results for SII scores. Overall, offspring of mothers with a low level of education had an increased relative and absolute risk of asthma compared to offspring of high-educated mothers. ; All phases of this study were supported by a European Union's Seventh Framework Programme grant, 278350, as part of The Determinants to Reduce Health Inequity Via Early Childhood, Realising Fair Employment, and Social Protection (DRIVERS) research programme. The Czech ELSPAC Study (CZ-ELSPAC) was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic: CETOCOEN plus project (CZ02101/00/00/15_003/0000469) and RECETOX Research Infrastructure (LM2015051). The Northern Finland Birth Cohort (FI-NFBC8586) received financial support from the Academy of Finland; Biocenter, University of Oulu, Finland; the European Commission EUROBLCS, Framework 5 Award QLG1-CT-2000-01643); EU FP7 EurHEALTHAgeing-277849; the Medical Research Council, UK (PrevMetSyn/SALVE); and the MRC Centenary Early Career Award. The Amsterdam Born Children and their Development Study (NLABCD) received funding from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Grant (TOP, 40-00812-98-11010). The All Babies in Southeast Sweden Study (SE-ABIS) has received financial support from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation (Barndiabetesfonden), The Research Council of South-east Sweden (FORSS), Swedish Research Council K2005-72X-11242-11A, and ALF/County Council of O ̈stergo ̈tland. The INMA study was funded in part by grants from the European Union (FP7-ENV-2011-282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), Spain (Instituto de Salud Carlos III and The Ministry of Health), the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana, department of Health of the Basque Government, the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa, and the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT. Family and Children of Ukraine (UA-FCOU) study was supported by US NIH Fogarty International Center and National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. KML is funded by a Medical Research Council UK doctoral training studentship.