Suchergebnisse

Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

The history of the 20th century was marked by the evolution of the concept of a region that has undergone various formulations, as well as rejections. Different authors define the region as a natural, human, historical, cultural, as well as economic reality. The notion of the region is multifaceted because the region makes a complex interconnection between different geographical, economic, cultural, political and other factors. In certain approaches, the region is viewed as a concrete fact, in other approaches, the region is only a theoretical fact, namely the creativity of the human spirit. Regions are often studied as a product of the interaction of individuals or social groups in different economic, political, and cultural contexts. Regionalization establishes the regions as administrative and political units within the national state. Consequently, regionalization implies decentralization, as it transfers the part of the authorities from the national to the regional level. The forms of the regional structure depend on the historical, geographical, political, and cultural specifics of the territory. From the aspect of the region, regionalization contributes to its affirmation and preservation of regional specifics, primarily cultural, but also of various interests - social, economic, political, etc. From the aspect of the state as a superior entity, regionalization contributes to the achievement of a balanced development of the region and more efficient connection of state authorities to the local one. These two aspects of regionalization should be compatible, but in practice this does not usually come about.

Economic polarization is a process that is present at global, national and regional level. Economic activity is extremely spatially concentrated. Cities and developed regions use the agglomeration effect to attract labor and capital, thus achieving more favorable economic conditions than the agrarian region. Scientific research and European experiences over the past decades have contributed to the discrepancy among theorists about the causes and consequences of regional inequalities. Regional development is a complex process that involves a multidisciplinary approach. Without a detailed analysis of successful regional development cases, the implementation of their development systems directly to other regions can lead to the loss of time, capital, and human resources. Regional development is a process that needs to be adapted to specific conditions. Each region has its own identity and unique characteristics. Key factors of development include: natural and human resources, level of technological development, capital, knowledge, institutional and legislative framework, values, ethics and commitment. Regarding the pace and nature of regional development, institutional structures can play a key role. The prevailing opinion today is that regional development is closely linked to the use of endogenous capacities. The region can achieve long-term progress only if it uses its specific properties and endogenous / internal capacities. The challenge for each region is to use its endogenous resources that will make it competitive and attractive to the market. The progress of one region depends to a large extent on the circumstances and networking of different sectors at the local level. The modern concept of neo-endogenous development implies integral and sustainable development of the region, which includes the harmonization of economic, social and ecological goals. It combines the spatial, temporal and multisectoral dimension and emphasizes 'the reciprocal of local and external forces in the control of development processes.' Undeveloped, mainly rural regions are no longer just territories that provide food and are not identified exclusively with the agrarian environment. Regional or cohesion policy is an important mechanism for sustainable economic development. Regional policy aims to reduce underdevelopment. The main motive for countries to adopt regional policies is to help poor and backward regions, for whose development and recovery the state itself does not have enough strength. Regional development in a comprehensive way defines regional development priorities and ways of their realization.

The paper analyses the legal and institutional framework of water management in Serbia. The aim is to identify existing obstacles that interfere with the development and implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The paper points out some of the most common challenges of integrated reservoir management in Serbia, such as gaps and ambiguities in the legislative framework, poor institutional coordination, underdeveloped environmental awareness and often conflicting stakeholder involvement. The case study is trying to address the current challenges of using and managing the water reservoir. The paper will provide answers to the following questions: What are the main problems related to the use and management of reservoirs, how to reconcile different sectors and users of the water resources, how to achieve the economic and environmental development goals?.

The paper analyses the legal and institutional framework of water management in Serbia. The aim is to identify existing obstacles that interfere with the development and implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The paper points out some of the most common challenges of integrated reservoir management in Serbia, such as gaps and ambiguities in the legislative framework, poor institutional coordination, underdeveloped environmental awareness and often conflicting stakeholder involvement. The case study is trying to address the current challenges of using and managing the water reservoir. The paper will provide answers to the following questions: What are the main problems related to the use and management of reservoirs, how to reconcile different sectors and users of the water resources, how to achieve the economic and environmental development goals?.

The paper is based on an assumption that there are many limitations of accelerating the decentralization process and the implementation of sustainable development policy in Serbia at the local level. Although these limitations may vary between local governments (local communities) because of different degrees of social-economic development, a framework can be defined, which will be explained on the example of Serbia as a developing country. Lately, the role and the importance of the local community has been strengthening, which is particularly intensified by the rapid technical and technological development and the need for a quick adjustment to the changes resulting from it. In this regard, the development of local government units and the level of living standard of citizens increasingly depend on the modernization of local government legislation. The issue of property and resources management at the local level is essential for the process of decentralization, economic empowerment and the development of local government. The article is and a discussion aimed at the development capacity and the problems of local government units and their ability to initiate the process of democratization and economic prosperity of the country, given the numerous development limitations (economic, social and environmental), and the inherited patterns of behavior from the time of socialism.

This paper aims to analyze an important phenomenon of our world, namely the contradictory relationship between globalization and cultural identity. Globalization is a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses not only economic components but also cultural, ideological, political and other. Globalization in its archaic forms goes back to ancient history and roots linked to the emergence and spread of human society. The modem form reached in the second half of the 20th century, and the intensity and the culmination of the 80s and early 90s of the 20th century (the global age, postindustrial and postmodern age). Globalization is a complex process that integrates a number of factors whose interaction of globally achieved thanks to the expansion of knowledge, technologies and information across national borders. Impacts encourage globalization manifested in a series of changes in economic, political, social and especially cultural sphere, which is the subject of this paper. The concept of global values, commonly identified with the values of Western culture (americanization, westernization), and the effects of globalization is manifested through its effect on the national cultural forms. In literature and discussions amount to be different points of view the relation between globalization and culture, but the essence of the conflict based on opposing theses that reflect the "dual character" of cultural globalization. The first is a proponent of the negative impact of globalization on homogeneous national and local culture, while the other prefers diversity of cultural content, expressed through the cosmopolitan culture that does not negate the sense of national belonging. The authors in this paper analyze different interpretations of a complex relationship between culture and globalization and to emphasize the positive and negative effects arising from the relationships and connections between the global and the local. ; Ovaj rad ima za cilj da analizira sve izrazitiji fenomen u svetu, zasnovan na kontradiktornom odnosu između globalizacije i kulturnog identiteta. Globalizacija je višedimenzionalni fenomen koji obuhvata ne samo ekonomske komponente, već i kulturne, ideološke, političke i druge. Globalizacija predstavlja složen proces koji integriše brojne faktore čije je međusobno delovanje na globalnom nivou postignuto zahvaljujući ekspanziji znanja, tehnoloških dostignuća i informacija van državnih granica. Uticaji podstaknuti globalizacijom ispoljavaju se u nizu promena u ekonomskoj, političkoj, socijalnoj i posebno kulturnoj sferi, koja je predmet istraživanja ovog rada. Pojam globalne vrednosti najčešće se poistovećuje sa vrednostima zapadnih kultura (amerikanizacija, vesternizacija), a uticaji globalizacije se ispoljavaju kroz njeno delovanje na nacionalne kulturne obrasce. U brojnoj literaturi i debatama iznose se različita gledišta odnosa globalizacije i kulture, ali se suština konflikta zasniva na suprotnim tezama koje oslikavaju njen "dvostruki lik". Prva teza je zagovornik negativnog uticaja globalizacije na homogene nacionalne i lokalne kulture, a druga daje prednost različitostima kulturnih sadržaja, izraženih kroz kosmopolitsku kulturu koja ne poništava osećanje nacionalne pripadnosti. Autori u radu analiziraju različita tumačenja kompleksnog odnosa kulture i globalizacije i ukazuju na pozitivne i negativne efekte koji proističu iz odnosa i veza na relaciji globalno-lokalno.

Canada is a country with the longest tradition of institutional multiculturalism in the world. The paper analyzes the contemporary ethno-cultural diversity of the population of Canada. Immigration has given specific feature of this country, and each new wave of immigration has contributed to its ethnic and cultural diversity. The basis of today's Canada's racial and ethnic diversity makes groups that are dif­ferent in their characteristics: whites of European origin (mainly British and French origin), so-called visible minorities and indigenous peoples. Canada has traditionally been considered a country where multiculturalism has achieved the best results in the integration of immigrants. Despite the undoubtedly great results, there is a discrepancy between the official policy of integration and social exclusion of new immigrants, especially visible minorities, from the economic sphere and general from public life. Prejudice and discrimination are still the reality for some minority groups, as well as a lower living standard of visible minorities, new immigrants and indigenous peoples. Although there is no serious alternative to multiculturalism in the Canadian society, the controversy about its real effects and objectives, attitude toward the French Canadians and indigenous people, the growing fear of Islamic extremism, and the sense of vulnerability of European values, leave room for different opinions. ; Kanada je zemlјa sa najdužom institucionalnom tradicijom multikulturalizma u svetu. U radu je analiziran etnokulturni diverzitet sav­remenog stanovništva Kanade. Imigracija je dala specifično obeležje ovoj zemlјi, a svaki novi uselјenički talas je pridoneo njenoj etničkoj i kulturnoj raznolikosti. Osnovu današnjeg kanadskog rasnog i etničkog diverziteta čine grupe koje se razlikuju po svojim obeležjima: belci evropskog porekla (uglavnom britanskog i francuskog), tzv. vidlјive manjine i domorodačko stanovništvo. Kanada se tradicionalno smatra zemlјom u kojoj je multikulturalizam ostvario najbolјe rezultate u integraciji migranata. I pored nesumnjivo velikih rezultata, izražen je raskorak između službenih politika integracije i društvenog isklјučivanja novih imigranata, pre svega vidlјivih manjina, iz privredne sfere i javnog života uopšte. Predrasude i diskriminacija su i dalјe realnost za neke manjinske grupe, kao i niži životni standard vidlјivih manjina, novih uselјenika i domorodačkih naroda. Iako multikulturalizam nema ozbilјnu alternativu u kanadskom društvu, polemike oko njegovih stvarnih efekata i cilјeva, odnos prema Frankokanađanima i domorodačkim narodima, rastući strah od islamskog ekstremizma i osećaj ugroženosti evropskih vrednosti, ostavlјaju prostor i za drugačija mišlјenja.

The paper is based on an assumption that there are many limitations of accelerating the decentralization process and the implementation of sustainable development policy in Serbia at the local level. Although these limitations may vary between local governments (local communities) because of different degrees of social-economic development, a framework can be defined, which will be explained on the example of Serbia as a developing country. Lately, the role and the importance of the local community has been strengthening, which is particularly intensified by the rapid technical and technological development and the need for a quick adjustment to the changes resulting from it. In this regard, the development of local government units and the level of living standard of citizens increasingly depend on the modernization of local government legislation. The issue of property and resources management at the local level is essential for the process of decentralization, economic empowerment and the development of local government. The article is and a discussion aimed at the development capacity and the problems of local government units and their ability to initiate the process of democratization and economic prosperity of the country, given the numerous development limitations (economic, social and environmental), and the inherited patterns of behavior from the time of socialism.

The paper discusses the position of national geography within the system of geography as a unique science or being one of the geographical branches. Regarding this, the subject matter, tasks, and goals of national geography are being defined. From the theoretical, conceptual, and practical points of view, national geography refers to a dual approach to the subject matter. On one hand, there is the geography of states, depending on whether the states originate from an ethnical-national principle, or they are civil states in which all the citizens belong to the same nation regardless of their ethnicity or any other characteristic. On the other side, national geography is connected with the ethnic territoriality of a nation no matter whether a nation belongs to one or several countries, all of which tightly refers to Serbian national geography. Based on the relevant researches of geography and its complementary sciences, there have been hypotheses that potentially solve the issues of Serbian geospace (Serbian lands). Among these, we stress out the issues of territorial organization and position of Serbian ethnos within the existing political-territorial systems (geographical forms) Regarding this one and many other issues of Serbian geospace within the spheres of political, economic, social, cultural, and other aspects o f development as well as with the reference to natural resources, or environment, in the past century or so, Serbian national geography has provided and is still providing possible solutions through models that might grant overall progress of the Serbian nation and spirit without threatening the legitimate interests of other ethnical groups within the Serbian geospace - including those who have attained the status of a nation through the process of ethnogenesis over both short and long time periods, and thereby affected the Serbian national being. ; U radu se govori o mjestu nacionalne geografije u sistemu geografije kao jedinstvene nauke ili jedne iz sistema geografskih nauka. U vezi s tim, definišu se predmet, zadaci i ciljevi proučavanja nacionalne geografije. S teorijskog, konceptualnog i praktičnog stanovišta nacionalna geografija podrazumijeva dvojak pristup predmetu istraživanja. S jedne strane radi s o geografiji država bez obzira na to jesu li one nastale na etnonacionalnom principu ili se radi o građanskim državama gdje svi građani, ma kakva etnička ili bilo koja druga obilježja imaju, pripadaju istoj naciji. S druge strane, nacionalna geografija veže se za etnoteritorijalnost nacije bez obzira na to da li TA nacija pripada jednoj ili više država, što se u potpunosti odnosi na srpsku nacionalnu geografiju. Na bazi relevantnih geografskih istraživanja i istraživanja srodnih nauka daju se pretpostavke za moguća rješenja ključnih problema u srpskom geoprostoru (srpskim zemljama), od kojih u prvi plan stavljamo probleme teritorijalne organizacije i položaj srpskog etnosa u postojećim političko-teritorijalnim sistemima (geografskim formama). U vezi s pomenutim i nizom ostalih problema u srpskom geoprostoru iz sfere političkog, ekonomskog, socijalnog, kulturnog i ostalih vidova razvoja, te u vezi s problematikom prirodnih resursa, životne sredine i sl., srpska nacionalna geografija u posljednjih sto i više godina dala je i daje moguća rješenja u formi modela koji će obezbijediti sveobuhvatan razvoj srpskog nacionalnog bića i njegovo duhovno jedinstvo, ne dovodeći u pitanje legitimne interese ostalih etnosa u srpskom geoprostoru, pa i onih koji su procesom etnogeneze u dužem ili kraćem istorijskom periodu došli do statusa nacije na račun srpskog etnosa i srpskog nacionalnog bića

In 2010 Serbia faced with many social, economical and political issues such as the economic crisis, unemployment, uncertain candidate for membership in the European Union, cooperation with the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague and others. Recurrences of the past are still being felt in the political than some of the European Union with Serbia. Serbia has a long way toward permanent membership, and to intensify regional cooperation in Southeast Europe (SEE) through active membership in regional organizations and initiatives. Although this region for many years been burdened with the past and lack of understanding among nations, the steppes of integration is still achieved and is still stricken by stereotyped comparisons with a barrel keg, and so damn yard. The aim of this paper is to point out some directions for further development of the region and review of the circumstances that have contributed to this state, to show the events of the past who may be a message for the future. ; Srbija je u 2010. suočena sa brojnim socioekonomskim i političkim problemima kao što su uticaj svetske ekonomske krize na monetarnu stabilnost, velika nezaposlenost, neizvesna kandidatura za članstvo u Evropskoj uniji, saradnja sa Međunarodnim sudom za ratne zločine u Hagu i drugim. Recidivi prošlosti još uvek se osećaju u političkom odnosu pojedinih država Evropske unije prema našoj zemlji. Srbiji predstoji dug put prema stalnom članstvu u Evropskoj uniji i intenziviranje regionalne saradnje u Jugoistočnoj Evropi kroz aktivno članstvo u regionalnim organizacijama i inicijativama. Iako je region dugi niz godina bio opterećen prošlošću i nerazumevanjem među narodima, određeni stepen integracije je postignut i danas je on ipak odmakao od stereotipnog poređenja sa buretom baruta, prokletom avlijom i sl. Cilj rada jeste da ukaže na neke pravce daljeg razvoja Srbije i regiona u celini i da ukaže na prilike koje su doprinele takvom stanju i analizira događaje iz bliže prošlosti koji mogu da se shvate kao poruka za budućnost. .

The paper analyses the numerical trends of asylum seekers from Serbia in European countries, the reasons for their increase in certain years, and motives for seeking asylum, and attempts to answer two questions: why is Serbia among the world's top countries of origin of asylum seekers and what are the consequences for asylum seekers and for Serbia in the event that their requests are rejected. Returnees to Serbia face numerous problems, since the lack of defined goals of migration policies in Serbia, economic difficulties, poverty and unemployment make the whole process of readmission and reintegration of the returnees to Serbia more difficult. ; Prispevek analizira gibanje števila prosilcev za azil iz Srbije v evropskih državah, vzroke naraščanja njihovega števila v posameznih letih in motive za iskanje azila. Poskuša podati odgovor na dve vprašanji: zakaj je Srbija v svetovnem vrhu, kadar se postavlja vprašanje azilantov s srbskim poreklom, in kakšne so posledice zavrnitve zahtevka za azilante in Srbijo. Povratniki se v Srbiji srečujejo s številnimi problemi, ker se zaradi pomanjkanja definiranih ciljev srbske migracijske politike, ekonomskih težav, revščine in nezaposlenosti otežuje celotni proces ponovnega sprejema in reintegracije povratnikov.