Suchergebnisse

Autor razmatra političke učinke kompleksnoga izbornog sustava Austrije na stranački sustav te na zakonodavnu i izvršnu vlast. Reformom izbornog zakonodavstva u Drugoj Republici uvedeni su preferencijsko glasovanje i zatvorene neblokirane liste pa su birači dobili pravo da jedan preferencijski glas dadu kandidatu na listi za koju su glasovali. No to nije značajnije pridonijelo personalizaciji izbora i političkog predstavništva. U gotovo tridesetogodišnjem razdoblju (1959-1990) samo je jedan kandidat izabran u parlament zahvaljujući preferencijskim glasovima birača, a i poslije je to polazilo za rukom rijetkima. Autor smatra da pokušaji personalizacije izbora i političkog predstavništva nisu uspjeli zato što su u izborni sustav ugrađeni instituti i mehanizmi koji to nedostatno potiču: opcijsko preferencijsko glasovanje, visoka kvota preferencijskih glasova koja je potrebna za izbor kandidata, "tehničke" teškoće u primjeni preferencijskog glasovanja na pokrajinskoj razini, ali nevoljkost birača da ih prevladaju. Tome treba dodati centralizirane i ekskluzivne postupke selekcije kandidata za parlamentarne izbore u političkim strankama u kojima ključnu ulogu imaju stranačka vodstva, što kandidate potiče da daju prednost stranačkoj, a ne osobnoj izbornoj kampanji. ; The author looks at the complex Austrian electoral system and its political implications for the party system and for the legislative and executive powers. With the reform of the electoral legislation in the Second Republic, which introduced preferential voting and closed and nonblocked lists, voters got the right to give a preference vote to one of the candidates on the list they voted for. This, however, did not bring significant improvements in terms of more personalized election and political representation. In almost thirty years (1959-1990), only one candidate was elected to Parliament thanks to preferential votes, and few have managed to do so since. The author believes that attempts at personalizing election and political representation have failed because the electoral system is fraught with institutes and mechanisms that do not encourage such personalization strongly enough, such as optional preferential voting, too high quota of preference votes for a candidate to be elected, "technical" difficulties in implementing preferential voting at province level, as well as voters' reluctance to overcome such difficulties. On top of that, political parties have got centralized and exclusive parliamentary election candidate selection procedures, where the party leadership plays a crucial role, thus encouraging candidates to give precedence to the party campaign, instead of using a personalized one.