Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the problem of diversity management in world cities. One of the specific characteristics of these territorial and political entities in the globalizing world is their magnetism for thousands of migrants searching for better quality of life, self-realization, and safety. Historically the cities were population and activities' concentration centres for long centuries. So, the ethnic and cultural diversity is the long-lasting problem to be solved for keeping peace and continuing development. The diversity management for largest Russian cities – Moscow and Saint Petersburg – is as important as for other global cities of the world.

Due to the gigantic scale of Russia's territory, the problem of the settlement system and urban agglomerations as its primary development centres is urgent. The purpose of this research is to identify opportunities and limitations, both legal and organizational, for the formation of governance systems for urban agglomerations. Having conducted a comparative analysis of the development and functioning of such systems in some countries with the conditions existing in the St. Petersburg region, the second populous city of Russia, the authors for the first time identify the development and governance problems of the urban agglomeration, the territory of which includes fully or partly the territories of two subjects of the Russian Federation: the federal city and the surrounding Leningrad region (oblast). For both variants of the agglomeration - with the 60 km and 120 km radius - the authors determine the model of the public power system for the Saint Petersburg agglomeration, acceptable from the point of view of the Russian legislation and the main modern management principles of rationality, effectiveness, and efficiency. The model does not envisage institutionalization with the creation of a complete public power system for the entire region but should be focused on the joint performance of functions with the inclusion in the process of all levels and authorities responsible for the life quality in the region. The first steps in this direction have been taken by both federation subjects in recent years. The unification of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region into one subject of federation, as well as the partial annexation of the region's territory to the federal city, are not yet considered.

The article considers the risks of amendments to the basic law of the state, which are associated with the inability to accurately predict political and managerial problems arising in the new constitutional context. An analysis is conducted of the changes in constitutions as the basis of the political, economic, and social life of the societies that are bifurcation points from which development can proceed in various directions. This creates risks at the stages of formation and functioning of complex public systems of authority, whose work greatly influences the creation of an optimal quality of life as the criterion of the basic goal of a modern democratic state. The analysis is comprised of factors that affect the reduction or levelling of such risks, or increase the possible of their occurrence. A developed democratic political culture and a high degree of public readiness for radical changes in the foundations of the political system (for example, France after World War II) are identified as factors that positively affect the state system, and excessive haste in decision making and lack of broad public fundamental changes discussion (for example, Germany in the early 90-ies of the last century) are identified as factors that negatively affect the social integration of society and the achievement of uniformity in the quality of life on the territory of the state. Both examples demonstrate in the Russian context the need to balance state policy in the process of implementing political decisions that led to amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020.