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The implementation of the revised Lisbon strategy and new strategic document Europe 2020 require establishment of a general framework for effectiveness of a modern economy, based on high quality research and innovative products, instruments for marketization and good balance between the interests of consumers and owners, facilitating free circulation of knowledge. Technology transfer has some evident advantages and strengths. It comprises of various actors and building up of specific elements which play different roles in the transferring process. The technology transfer possesses an ability to deal with complexity of the innovation system, etc. However, there are still many deficits as barriers in effective and competitive economy such as insufficient knowledge of the opportunities for commercialization of inventions and difference in IP management approaches implemented by the industry and research organizations, etc. Technology transfer is a unique element of the innovation system aiming to overcome shortcomings of the system and to create a sustainable link between research and business communities. Technology transfer is a milestone for establishment of new types of relationships with the businesses, providing modern IPR knowledge and commercializing innovative technologies. Favorable legislation targeted at technology transfer is a prerequisite, and a new attitude towards IP rights is required, in a broad sense - a proactive role in innovation by managing IPR from research is needed.

Se ha prestado cada vez más atención al desarrollo del sector social en Europa. El artículo presenta varios modelos existentes de empresas sociales en Bulgaria y otros Estados miembros, como, la República Checa, Grecia y Hungría, y analiza el ecosistema en el que están funcionando. La selección se basa en características territoriales, demográficas y hasta cierto punto regionales. Se realizó un breve análisis comparativo. El principal aspecto examinado es el marco legal en el que operan. Se presenta una revisión de la posible cartera de instrumentos de financiación internacionales y nacionales y se realiza un breve análisis de la trazabilidad de los resultados. Se comenta la actualización existente y futura de las legislaciones y políticas nacionales. Se ha hecho una evaluación general del entorno necesario para sus actividades. Se deliberan las características básicas y los problemas de los ecosistemas. El artículo analiza las barreras comunes y proporciona recomendaciones en las cuales los países examinados podrían trabajar para mejorar el éxito de las empresas sociales. El artículo indica que la inestabilidad del entorno legal y financiero dificulta el desarrollo de las empresas sociales y reduce su longevidad. ; There has been an increasing focus on the development of the social sector in Europe. This article presents several existing models of social enterprises in selected member states, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Greece, and Hungary and analyses the ecosystem in which they are functioning. The choice is based on territorial alleys and demographic and, to some extent, regional characteristics. A frugal comparative analysis has been carried out. The main aspect examined is the legal framework in which they operate. A review of possible portfolio of international and national funding instruments is presented and a short analysis of the traceability of the results is made. Existing and further updating of national legislations and policies is commented on. General assessment of the environment needed for their activities has been identified. Basic features and problems of the ecosystems of SE are discussed. The article considers common barriers and provides recommendations which the countries under review could follow in order to improve the success of social enterprises. The article indicates that the instability of the legal and financial environment hinders the development of social enterprises and reduces their life-span.

This book provides analysis of current trends in research evaluation worldwide and compares the research assessment and innovation ecosystems in Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland and Slovenia. It argues that in each country the research assessment system is interdependent with the national innovation system and the overall institutional governance/enforcement.

А study of the significant investors in the industrial zones in Bulgaria is conducted. The results of already established and functioning industrial zones are analysed in parallel with an evaluation of investor expectations. The study is not strictly analytical but offers solutions and recommendations with potential to improve the functioning of the industrial zones in the country.