Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to study the market of oil and oil products in Ukraine, its role in the functioning of agriculture and identify ways to improve. Research methods. Methods used: system analysis and generalization (to study and generalize the energy dependence of Ukraine); statistical (to display the situation on the oil and oil products market in quantitative terms through a system of absolute and relative indicators); analysis of the series of dynamics, structural shifts (to analyze and identify trends in the indicators of the oil and oil products market); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); graphic (visual display of research results in the form of graphs). Research results. The essence and features of the Ukrainian market are revealed, a statistical analysis of trends in the development of the oil and oil products market is carried out, factors influencing the trend of the domestic market are identified and the mechanism of their interaction is clarified. The assessment of the current level of oil independence of Ukraine is carried out. Scientific novelty. The necessity of state support in terms of restoring the competitiveness of the domestic oil refining industry, diversifying the supply of petroleum products to the Ukrainian market and maintaining the share of domestically produced petroleum products at the level of 50% of the consumption volume, as well as reducing the share of other suppliers (importers) to 30% in the total balance has been substantiated. Practical significance. The analysis made it possible to identify destabilizing factors in the oil and oil products market, determine the need for systemic changes in the market functioning model and create conditions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic oil products in the Ukrainian market, create conditions for promoting and stimulating the development of the oil refining industry to weaken the reliability of imports of oil products. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 18.

The strategic importance of grain as a commodity in the domestic market and the main export agricultural commodity determines the relevance of the study. Today, the problem of high-quality seed production in Ukraine has worsened, as insufficient funding for the industry, outdated material and technical base of breeding organisations, scarce royalties and lack of breeding payments threatens the development of Ukrainian seed production. The dynamic development of the industry requires a more active and balanced policy in the industry, which would include state target programmes and the development of the regulatory framework in terms of ensuring legal and transparent intellectual property rights to breeders and breeding institutions. The purpose of the article is to analyse and assess the state of seed production of winter cereals and determine the objectives of Ukrainian breeding science for 2022. The following methods were used in the research process: dialectical, systematic approach, monographic, economic-statistical, tabular, graphical, empirical, comparative analysis, abstract-logical, analytical forecasting. The state of seed production of winter cereals was studied and it was found that in Ukraine there are 583 varieties of wheat, 79 – barley, 55 – rye and 51 – triticale. Only 32% of wheat, 33.3% of triticale, 17.7% of barley and 5.5% of rye are produced. Of these, Ukrainian is only 58.3% for wheat, 47.5% for barley and 15.5% for rye; the average annual need for winter cereals in the regions of Ukraine and in the country as a whole was determined. 1.4-1.6 million tons of wheat, 122 thousand tons of barley, 36 thousand tons of rye and 10 thousand tons of triticale are needed to ensure the sowing of grain in volumes not less than the sown area; tasks for Ukrainian breeding science on the development of winter cereals for 2022 are set, which will contribute to technical and technological support of breeders and seed producers, harmonisation and adaptation of the seed industry of Ukraine to world standards, increase competitiveness and the export potential of Ukrainian seed production.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of material and technical support of agriculture in Ukraine and develop a scientific justification for proposals to improve it. Research methods. Use methods: monographic (analysis of the development and provision of agriculture with fixed assets); statistical (to reflect the situation on the market of technical means for agriculture in quantitative and qualitative indicators through a system of absolute and relative indicators); analysis of series of speakers, structural changes (for analysis and identification of trends in the market of agricultural machinery); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); tabular and graphical (visual display of research results in the form of tables and graphs), abstract-logical (generalization and formulation of the conclusion). Research results. The current state and prospects of development of technical support of agriculture in Ukraine are analyzed. Based on the study of problems with the technical support of agricultural production, especially their active component, scientifically grounded proposals have been developed to improve the material and technical support of agricultural enterprises. Scientific novelty. Proposals have been developed to improve the logistics of agricultural producers by quantitative and qualitative growth of their capital equipment to ensure timely and high-quality implementation of a full range of agricultural work on modern advanced technologies, increase productivity and income of the rural population. Practical significance. Calculations of determination of normative need in fixed assets for production of agricultural products for the period till 2025 are carried out. Proposals on increase of capital equipment of agricultural commodity producers are developed. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 18.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of underestimation of fixed assets of agriculture on the financial and economic indicators of the industry and develop scientifically sound proposals for their improvement. Research methods. Methods used: monographic (analysis of the provision and development of agriculture by the main means of production); analysis of time series, structural changes (to establish the state and identify trends in the market of material and technical resources); comparison (comparison of economic indicators); tabular and graphical (visual display of research results in the form of tables and graphs), abstract Research results. The current state of capital intensity and investment support of agriculture in Ukraine is analyzed. The level of actual revaluation of fixed assets of agriculture is determined and the necessity and ways of their revaluation are substantiated. Scientific novelty. Methodological and practical provisions on innovation and investment development in agriculture have been further developed, based on the modernization of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises taking into account scientific achievements, accelerating the solution of important tasks related to further growth of capital intensity of production. Practical significance. The necessity of revaluation of fixed assets in order to make objective decisions on state regulation of agriculture and its taxation system, increase the actual capitalization of enterprises in the industry in order to attract investment resources are reasoned. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 20.

Considering the lack of elevator capacities and the imbalance in the distribution of commodity flows due to the occupation and blocking of seaports, other modes of transport are currently unable to provide the required volumes of grain for export, and the safety of the harvest is under threat. Therefore, the issue of logistics development in war conditions is urgent, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse the pre-war and current state of the grain logistics system and to identify efficient ways of its development during the war and after its end. The study is based on the following methods: dialectical, historical, monographic, abstract-logical, systematic and classification, analytical forecasting, statistical, economic, economic-mathematical, and graphical. Investigated the length of roads in Ukraine and forecasted the reduction of roads due to military operations. The analysis of exportimport logistics was performed, and the advantages of maritime transport were determined, the share of which in exports was 99.5%, and in imports, the majority of transportation was by rail (44.9%). The state of elevator capacities was explored, the lack of which in 2021 amounted to 18.3 million tons (17.4%), the volume of their losses due to hostilities in 2022 was determined – 12.6 million tons (22.2%), the impact of the war on the growth of prices for grain storage services was analysed. A critical analysis of the infrastructure projects of the National Council for the Restoration of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War is performed and identified their disadvantages. The proposed measures to improve logistics will allow for reducing the lack of elevator capacities, increasing grain exports, accelerating the movement of products across the border and reducing logistics costs. The results of the research can be used by public authorities in the establishment of programs for the development of agrarian logistics, business structures – for the development of infrastructure projects and improvement of logistics systems of enterprises, scientists – for further investigation of grain logistics problems and determining the prospects for its development.

The tasks facing agro-industrial production in Ukraine are to stimulate the processes of accumulation and effective use of investment resources according to the priorities of economic growth, and prospects for the development of innovation activities. The prerequisite for this is macroeconomic stability, which contributes to the accumulation of internal and external factors and resources by increasing investor confidence in economic regulatory policy and reducing the level of risk of investment activity. The issues covered in the study will primarily concern such important factors in ensuring the development of agroindustrial enterprises as innovation and investment. These concepts are widely reflected in the research of many economists, but the management of innovation projects and investment activities to ensure the economic security of agribusiness entities is not sufficiently developed. This determines the relevance of the article. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and features of agricultural innovations, to examine the conditions and factors of innovative development of agriculture, to assess the challenges and prospects of using the latest advanced technologies in agriculture and their financial support. The following methods were used in the investigation: dialectical, systematic approach, monographic, economicstatistical, tabular, graphical, comparative analysis, abstract-logical and analytical forecasting. The features of the introduction of innovative technologies in the agrarian sector of the economy are analysed and it is revealed that agro-innovations are closely related to agrotechnical conditions of production, are linked to living organisms, are seasonal and, accordingly, have a high level of risk. The analysis of material costs for the production of cereals and the dynamics of their prices was carried out. Using the example of one of the farms of the Vinnytsia Oblast, it is calculated how precision farming technologies and energy-saving technologies can reduce the cost of grain production. The main trends in investment support for agriculture, the relationship between capital investment and GDP are identified, and their role in the implementation of agricultural innovations is clarified. The prospects of investment support of innovative activity of Ukrainian agriculture in the war period are determined. The measures to address the issues related to the introduction of innovations in agriculture are proposed. They will help to improve the production process, increase the efficiency of using internal ones and maximise the attraction of external investment in the implementation of innovative ideas.