Suchergebnisse

Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.

Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.

Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.

Analysis results and factual data of all factors influencing the study subject dependent variable - GDCP governance in the Lithuanian, Estonian and Latvian defence systems significantly expands the research of the topic. Study presents comprehensive material as a changing security environment, changing military concept, new international security challenges, political decisions to integrate into international organizations and technological development driven changes have affected the geospatial provision in Baltic States in general, and in Lithuania in particular.

In the article the implementation of private individual's right to recover damages caused by abuse of dominance and cartels in different countries is analyzed. Through the application of historical and comparative analysis methods the author seeks to identify the key factors that stipulate effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages and stimulate claims for such damages. Based on the analysis done a presumption is made that only the particular legal norms or acts are not sufficient for the effective private competition law enforcement (actions for damages) the case law that is favorable to the plaintiff. Rules crated by the courts that reduce the burden of proof for the plaintiff such as "traditional rule" excusing antitrust plaintiffs from an unduly rigorous standard of proving antitrust injury or even guidelines created by the courts that transfer the burden of proof to the defendant to establish that the infringement of competition laws did not happen are particularly important for the effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages. Namely the case law and the aspiration to ensure that even in cases where the precise calculation of the damage suffered due to the infringement of competition law is very difficult or impossible the victim of such damage is always compensated may encourage the victims to actively protect their violated rights and deter potential market competition violators.

In the article the implementation of private individual's right to recover damages caused by abuse of dominance and cartels in different countries is analyzed. Through the application of historical and comparative analysis methods the author seeks to identify the key factors that stipulate effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages and stimulate claims for such damages. Based on the analysis done a presumption is made that only the particular legal norms or acts are not sufficient for the effective private competition law enforcement (actions for damages) the case law that is favorable to the plaintiff. Rules crated by the courts that reduce the burden of proof for the plaintiff such as "traditional rule" excusing antitrust plaintiffs from an unduly rigorous standard of proving antitrust injury or even guidelines created by the courts that transfer the burden of proof to the defendant to establish that the infringement of competition laws did not happen are particularly important for the effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages. Namely the case law and the aspiration to ensure that even in cases where the precise calculation of the damage suffered due to the infringement of competition law is very difficult or impossible the victim of such damage is always compensated may encourage the victims to actively protect their violated rights and deter potential market competition violators.

In the article the implementation of private individual's right to recover damages caused by abuse of dominance and cartels in different countries is analyzed. Through the application of historical and comparative analysis methods the author seeks to identify the key factors that stipulate effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages and stimulate claims for such damages. Based on the analysis done a presumption is made that only the particular legal norms or acts are not sufficient for the effective private competition law enforcement (actions for damages) the case law that is favorable to the plaintiff. Rules crated by the courts that reduce the burden of proof for the plaintiff such as "traditional rule" excusing antitrust plaintiffs from an unduly rigorous standard of proving antitrust injury or even guidelines created by the courts that transfer the burden of proof to the defendant to establish that the infringement of competition laws did not happen are particularly important for the effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages. Namely the case law and the aspiration to ensure that even in cases where the precise calculation of the damage suffered due to the infringement of competition law is very difficult or impossible the victim of such damage is always compensated may encourage the victims to actively protect their violated rights and deter potential market competition violators.

In the article the implementation of private individual's right to recover damages caused by abuse of dominance and cartels in different countries is analyzed. Through the application of historical and comparative analysis methods the author seeks to identify the key factors that stipulate effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages and stimulate claims for such damages. Based on the analysis done a presumption is made that only the particular legal norms or acts are not sufficient for the effective private competition law enforcement (actions for damages) the case law that is favorable to the plaintiff. Rules crated by the courts that reduce the burden of proof for the plaintiff such as "traditional rule" excusing antitrust plaintiffs from an unduly rigorous standard of proving antitrust injury or even guidelines created by the courts that transfer the burden of proof to the defendant to establish that the infringement of competition laws did not happen are particularly important for the effective implementation of the victims right to recover damages. Namely the case law and the aspiration to ensure that even in cases where the precise calculation of the damage suffered due to the infringement of competition law is very difficult or impossible the victim of such damage is always compensated may encourage the victims to actively protect their violated rights and deter potential market competition violators.

The portrayal of Hitler in a periodical press of independent Lithuania in 1933 – 1939. The object of research – the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press. The analysis based on a 1933 – 1939 periodical press (mostly in a journals for intellectuals "Kultūra", "Židinys", "Akademikas", "Naujoji Romuva" and rag "Diena". Responding to that period problems (pre – war situation, annexation of Klaipėda land, German relationship with other foreign states – foreign policy). The principal purpose – review the most popular publications of the period of 1933 -1939 and compare ideas with the ideas which are put into words in A. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" fragments and foreign authors Hitler's personality description. Hitler was more difficult personality, than could be imagined. In lithuanian periodical press of 1933 – 1939, the estimation of Hitler and nacionalsocializm was very discrepant. Most of the publications avoided directly prosecute Hitler. In the beginning of the political activity, fuehrer was idolized not only in Germany. Most of authors of analyzed texts did not suspect the approach of menace. It is known from the publications, that the most part of lithuanian public was indifferent to the events in Europe. People were seeking for strengthening their nationality, even, not expecting of German interference and intentions to Klaipėda land. Lithuanian press recovered only before and after annexation to the Third Reich, and only then Germany chief was valued more critically. The result of the analysis – sequently thematically analyzed the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press.

The portrayal of Hitler in a periodical press of independent Lithuania in 1933 – 1939. The object of research – the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press. The analysis based on a 1933 – 1939 periodical press (mostly in a journals for intellectuals "Kultūra", "Židinys", "Akademikas", "Naujoji Romuva" and rag "Diena". Responding to that period problems (pre – war situation, annexation of Klaipėda land, German relationship with other foreign states – foreign policy). The principal purpose – review the most popular publications of the period of 1933 -1939 and compare ideas with the ideas which are put into words in A. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" fragments and foreign authors Hitler's personality description. Hitler was more difficult personality, than could be imagined. In lithuanian periodical press of 1933 – 1939, the estimation of Hitler and nacionalsocializm was very discrepant. Most of the publications avoided directly prosecute Hitler. In the beginning of the political activity, fuehrer was idolized not only in Germany. Most of authors of analyzed texts did not suspect the approach of menace. It is known from the publications, that the most part of lithuanian public was indifferent to the events in Europe. People were seeking for strengthening their nationality, even, not expecting of German interference and intentions to Klaipėda land. Lithuanian press recovered only before and after annexation to the Third Reich, and only then Germany chief was valued more critically. The result of the analysis – sequently thematically analyzed the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press.

The portrayal of Hitler in a periodical press of independent Lithuania in 1933 – 1939. The object of research – the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press. The analysis based on a 1933 – 1939 periodical press (mostly in a journals for intellectuals "Kultūra", "Židinys", "Akademikas", "Naujoji Romuva" and rag "Diena". Responding to that period problems (pre – war situation, annexation of Klaipėda land, German relationship with other foreign states – foreign policy). The principal purpose – review the most popular publications of the period of 1933 -1939 and compare ideas with the ideas which are put into words in A. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" fragments and foreign authors Hitler's personality description. Hitler was more difficult personality, than could be imagined. In lithuanian periodical press of 1933 – 1939, the estimation of Hitler and nacionalsocializm was very discrepant. Most of the publications avoided directly prosecute Hitler. In the beginning of the political activity, fuehrer was idolized not only in Germany. Most of authors of analyzed texts did not suspect the approach of menace. It is known from the publications, that the most part of lithuanian public was indifferent to the events in Europe. People were seeking for strengthening their nationality, even, not expecting of German interference and intentions to Klaipėda land. Lithuanian press recovered only before and after annexation to the Third Reich, and only then Germany chief was valued more critically. The result of the analysis – sequently thematically analyzed the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press.

The portrayal of Hitler in a periodical press of independent Lithuania in 1933 – 1939. The object of research – the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press. The analysis based on a 1933 – 1939 periodical press (mostly in a journals for intellectuals "Kultūra", "Židinys", "Akademikas", "Naujoji Romuva" and rag "Diena". Responding to that period problems (pre – war situation, annexation of Klaipėda land, German relationship with other foreign states – foreign policy). The principal purpose – review the most popular publications of the period of 1933 -1939 and compare ideas with the ideas which are put into words in A. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" fragments and foreign authors Hitler's personality description. Hitler was more difficult personality, than could be imagined. In lithuanian periodical press of 1933 – 1939, the estimation of Hitler and nacionalsocializm was very discrepant. Most of the publications avoided directly prosecute Hitler. In the beginning of the political activity, fuehrer was idolized not only in Germany. Most of authors of analyzed texts did not suspect the approach of menace. It is known from the publications, that the most part of lithuanian public was indifferent to the events in Europe. People were seeking for strengthening their nationality, even, not expecting of German interference and intentions to Klaipėda land. Lithuanian press recovered only before and after annexation to the Third Reich, and only then Germany chief was valued more critically. The result of the analysis – sequently thematically analyzed the portrayal of Hitler in a pre – war press.