Suchergebnisse

Table of Contents (short) Table of Contents (short) iii Table of Contents (long) iv Figures xiv Tables xvi Maps xviii Abreviations xix Short Summary xxi Kurzzusammenfassung xxiv PART I 1 1\. Introduction 3 2\. Conceptual Framework 17 3\. The Rare Earth Industry 37 4\. Actors 61 PART II 79 5\. History of REE in China (until 1996) 81 6\. Problematization 93 7\. General Strategy 113 PART III 125 8\. Industry Reorganization 127 9\. Resource Conservation and Illegal Mining 147 10\. Environmental Protection 171 11\. Export Restrictions and Smuggling 193 12\. Export restrictions and the WTO 211 PART IV 229 13\. Conclusion 231 14\. Annex 245 15\. References 255 16\. Curriculum Vitae 339 ; This book deals with China's policy for the rare earth industry. The rare earths, a group of special metals, have gained enormous economic importance due to their comprehensive application in high technology. As China has a global near-monopoly on delivering rare earths, its policy for rare earths has attracted the attention of global debates on resource security. China's rare earth industry is currently at a profound turning point. The central government initiated a new comprehensive policy program in 2005 and intensified efforts in 2009 to significantly restructure the industry. The top-down program is characterized by forceful centralization and coercive enforcement of goals. Against this backdrop, this book examines the motives, strategy and implementation of the current Chinese policy program. The research focuses primarily on the purpose behind the policy and the measures taken to realize this strategy. A core question regards how actors beyond the government influence the policy process during implementation. The book's conceptual framework divides the policy process into three elements: problematization, strategy and translation. These concepts are based on elements of social constructivism and actor-network theory. The research results show that two factors in particular led to the government's decision to adopt a new policy: ...

Ohne China, das Land, das über ein Viertel der globalen CO2-Emissionen verantwortet, wäre jede Klimavereinbarung ohne Sinn. In Paris hat man sich konstruktiv gezeigt. Doch Peking kann mehr leisten, und es wird auch mehr leisten müssen. (IP)

Die gute Nachricht : China ist Windweltmeister und wird demnächst den Solarspitzenreiter Deutschland einholen. Die schlechte Nachricht : diese Energieträger machen nicht einmal 2 Prozent des Energiemixes aus. Kommt Peking nicht von der Kohle los, werden sämtliche Anstrengungen, den Klimawandel aufzuhalten, vergeblich sein. (IP)

Since China joined the international climate negotiations, the role of systematic research and expert advice has grown steadily. A small but highly specialized expert community of semi-official research institutes and university-based research units has formed around Chinese policy-making institutions. The findings of this article indicate that these climate experts have become important actors in Chinese climate policy. Political leaders frequently consult members of this expert community and draw on their substantive conclusions. In some cases, experts have been able to influence policy action by raising awareness of climate vulnerability and contributing to the definition of national emission targets. However, experts seeking to alter the general framework of 'common but different responsibilities' have had limited impact. (J Contemp China/GIGA)

"The author uses a constructivist approach to address the question of how important natural resources serve as tools or sources of power in the 21st century. After examining existing approaches towards resource power and offering an insightful assessment of todays distribution of key resources, the author analyses in this article the importance of resources in international relations by using Wendt's conceptions of three different ontological perceptions of world politics that form three idiosyncratic role models of interstate relations: Hobbesian, Lockean, Kantian. He points out that depending on the ontological perception of international relations by the international actors involved and the role model applied by them, the importance of resources as sources of power varies significantly and therefore there is neither an automatic link between natural resources and power nor between scarcity and conflict." (author's abstract)