Suchergebnisse

STATES HAVE CHOSEN VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL FORA TO NEGOTIATE ON THE DISCIPLINING OF STATE AIDS THROUGH EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCE: THE GATT, EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND THE OECD. ALTHOUGH ON A GLOBAL LEVEL THE VIOLATION OF THE STRICT GATT RULES ON EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCE COULD BE IGNORED, ON THE REGIONAL EU LEVEL, MARKET INTEGRATION AND COMPETITION AND COMMON COMMERCIAL POLICIES CREATED PRESSURES TO HARMONIZE NATIONAL CREDIT INSURANCE POLICIES. IN THE RESULTING REGIONAL NEGOTIATING PRECESS, INTERGOVERNMENTAL FACTORS HAVE PREVAILED OVER SUPRANATIONAL/TRANSNATIONAL FACTORS. NEITHER TRANSNATIONAL INTEREST GROUPS NOR THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COMMISSION HAVE BEEN IMPORTANT ACTORS IN THIS PROCESS. THE REAL POLTIICLA ISSUE OF COMPETITION DISTORTION BETWEEN EXPORTERS OF DIFFERENT MEMBER STATES HAS BEEN TAKEN CARE OF BY THE MEMBER STATES IN A SPECIAL O-ORDINATION GROUP, SET UP BY THE COUNCIL. ALTHOUGH NATIONAL PREFERENCES WITH REGARD TO HARMONIZING OFFICIAL CREDIT INSURANCE POLICY HAVE CONVERGED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF RISING CUMULATIVE DEFICITS ON THESE INSURANCE SCHEMES IN ALL MEMBER STATES AND THE PRESSURE OF MARKET FACTORS SUCH AS INCREASING CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION, THE HARMONIZATION PROCESS APPEARS TO BE CONFINED TO TRANSPARENCY AND HARMONIZATION OF INSURANCE TECHNIQUES AND LIMITED CO-OPERATION AMONG PUBLIC INSURERS IN THE CASE OF CONSORTIUM EXPORTS.

Gives an introduction to the market for export credit insurance; outlines governments' motives for entering this market and the regulations which already exist at the global level in order to keep this support in check. Examines the disciplining initiatives and development in this issue area within the EU. Examines which strategies have been chosen in the case of state aids through credit insurance and which factors have dominated this process. Describes the interaction between policymaking at the regional and global levels. Unhappy with progress in Europe, the UK decided to bring the credit insurance issue to the OECD.