Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe water framework Directive is proposed as a mechanism for applying river‐basin management across the European Union. Proposals for River‐Basin Management Plans might have an impact on the present system of Local Environment Agency Plans and on schemes which are used in the British Isles to provide river management on a catchment basis. For this study, representatives from the Environment Agency, Scottish Environmental Protection Agency and European Parliament advisors were interviewed. In addition, Local Environment Agency Plans were assessed for compatibility with the requirements of River‐Basin Management Plans.

THE AUTHOR INVESTIGATES SOVIET DECISION-MAKING IN THE 1968 CZECHOSLOVAK CRISIS, FOCUSING ON WHY THE SOVIETS DECIDED TO INTERVENE. HE OFFERS AN EXPLANATION FOR THE SOVIET INTERVENTION BASED ON MATERIALS RELEASED FROM SEVERAL DIFFERENT NATIONAL ARCHIVES IN 1990-93. THEN HE ANALYZES MORE RECENT DISCLOSURES FROM RUSSIAN ARCHIVES TO DETERMINE IF HIS HYPOTHESIS IS VALID.

To deter the possible maltreatment of minorities, Western mediators are applying the rhetoric of group rights in their efforts to resolve ethnic conflicts in postcommunist Europe. Taking the new Slovak Republic & its Magyar national minority as a case in point, the apparent willingness to engage in legal mediation, rather than physical battles, when ethnic disagreements arise suggests that these Westernized settlements may indeed help avoid the use of force. On the other hand, there is a growing discrepancy between the arbiters' recommendations & the letter of international law, since the latter remains faithful to the classical liberal focus in individual & state -- not group -- rights. 53 References. M. Maguire

THIS PAPER PRESENTS A LABORATORY EXPERIMENT DESIGNED TO EXAMINE VOTING BEHAVIOR, WITHIN A SPATIAL ELECTION FRAMEWORK, WHEN SUBJECTS ARE ONLY ENDOWED WITH INFORMATION. IN THE EXPERIMENT, SUBJECTS ARE ASSIGNED IDEAL POINTS ON A SINGLE-ISSUE DIMENSION. WITH THE AID OF AN ENDORSEMENT, THEIR TASK IS TO VOTE FOR THE CANDIDATE WHOSE POSITION IS CLOSER TO THEM. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT UNDER THESE CONDITIONS, SUBJECTS ARE IN FACT PLAYING A LOTTERY, WHERE THE ODDS OF BEING CORRECT IS A FUNCTION OF SPATIAL LOCATION. THE STUDY POINTS OUT THAT RESEARCHERS SHOULD BE AWARE OF AN 'INFORMATION BIAS' IN MODELS THAT USE THIS PARTICULAR INFORMATION SOURCE.

The first account of the secret police in Eastern Europe and after 1989, this book uses a wide range of sources, including archives, to identify what has and has not changed since the end of communism. After explaining the structure and workings of two of the area's most feared services, Czechoslovakia's StB and Romania's Securitate, the authors details the creation of new security intelligence institutions, the development of contacts with the West, and forms of democratic control.

Nationalist & ethnic conflicts are a continuing source of tension in the post-Cold War period. The underlying factors affecting such conflicts are threat perception, ethnic security dilemmas, & lack of trust between nationalist/ethnic groups. The challenge is to find solutions to these conflicts. International institutions can establish trust & reduce the ethnic security dilemma by providing multiple forums of representation, promoting overlapping identities, & pooling sovereignty. Pooling sovereignty across a number of international representative bodies leads to increased access to governmental policy making, with each party having a stake in government & leads to a reduction in political tension & conflict. Thus, international parliamentary institutions may provide a solution to these conflicts. The British-Irish Peace Agreement (Good Friday Agreement) of 1998 is examined as an illustration of this argument. 67 References. Adapted from the source document.

AbstractAs a contribution to the debate over the taxation of the extractive industries, this article provides estimates of the short run and long run price elasticities of supply for iron ore in Western Australia. Using these estimates, an increase of 1 per cent in the average royalty rate on iron ore is shown to result in a short run decline of 0.61 per cent in the output of iron ore, and a long run decline of 4.36 per cent.It is concluded that raising tax revenue by ad valorem royalties on iron ore leads to a substantial distortion of output, especially after accounting for indirect effects.

1 Implants in Medicine and Dentistry -- The importance of bending stresses in the leaflets of pericardial heart valve substitutes -- The tearing strength of chemically modified pericardium -- Prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Biomechanical and functional performance -- A comparative analysis of four types of prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament replacement in the goat -- Biomaterials in Otology. Experimental aspects and general clinical implications -- Changes in the material properties and function of pericardial bioprosthetic heart valves in vivo -- Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered arterial prostheses -- The history of implants in oral surgery -- Osseointegrated implants in the mandible using Nobelpharma Implant System. -- 2 Implant Interaction with Tissue -- Biodegradation and phagocyte/polymer interaction -- Biodegradation-dependent trace element accumulation: A study of calcium phosphate ceramics and polymers -- The interaction between connective tissues and implant materials -- Computer-assisted image analysis in tissue-material interactions -- Titanium implant surfaces -- 3 Tissue/Bone Examination -- Choosing a signal for vibration analysis of fracture healing -- Collagen fibre orientation in bone -- Skeletal strain and the maintenance of bone mass -- Continuous mineral matrices in bone and dentine -- 4 Materials Examination -- Scanning electron microscope appearance of the enamel/composite/bracket boundaries in orthodontic bonding -- Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. -- Experimental mastoid obliteration with hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (Zimmer/Xomed) and fibrin glue (Immuno-Austria) -- Role of design and material on stress distributions of cemented hip prostheses -- The fracture toughness of dental restorative materials -- The etching of biological material in vacuum. Paper I & II -- The Direct Deposition of Carbon, Suitable for Surgical Implants -- 5 Finite Elements in Medicine & Dentistry -- Numerical Modelling — Basis & Applications -- Finite element analysis of the elbow after joint replacement -- The use of finite element stress analysis in the assessment of tooth movement -- A finite element analysis of the natural frequencies of vibration of the human tympanic membrane. Part II -- Mathematical modelling in medicine -- Stresses along the composite resin-dentine interface analysed by the finite element method -- Improvement of mechanical strength of ceramic head for hip prosthesis by means of fitting geometry modifications: A finite element analysis -- 6 Materials Development -- Rubber reinforced polymers for bone cement — morphology and mechanical properties -- Dental application of novel morphology polymers -- Nitrided ferritic steels -- Alumina vs zirconium oxide: a comparative wear test -- 3-D porous alumina-bioglass composite coating (Poral R) for cementless ceramic hip prosthetic cup -- 7 Materials Standards and Safety -- Safety aspects of surgically-implantable devices -- The changing role of industry for implant technology -- Standards in Dentistry and Medicine -- Appendix Abstracts of Contributed Presentations -- Stress analysis using thermal emission -- The application of surface texture measurement for studying the failure of bone implants and dental fillings -- Corrosion resistance of titanium -- Fatigue testing of hip prostheses -- Conformation of adsorbed proteins and enzymes: Chymotrypsin at the polystyrene/water interface -- Interfacial shear strength and penetration of PMMA cement into bone -- History of orthopaedic implants.