Suchergebnisse

"This survey will begin by briefly reviewing basic questions of measurement of the costs of job loss for different workers. Based on this overview, we will take stock of the basic facts that we would ideally like to know. Second, we will briefly review the empirical literature of the US. More extensive, it will serve as a benchmark for assessing what has been done, what issues have arisen, and what key substantive and methodological questions are outstanding. Third, we will compare these results with the available evidence from European countries. Thereby, we will mainly focus on EU member states. After we have summarized what we do actually know and what we still need to learn, the fourth section gives a concise introduction to the methodological issues involved when analysing the costs of job loss. There, we will also briefly address the question of comparability of estimates between different studies. The last section gives a brief overview over the available data in different countries, discusses the potential ahead, and suggests some concrete steps to be taken in terms of a common research strategy." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

This paper studies the differential persistent effects of initial economic conditions for labor market entrants in the United States from 1976 to 2015 by education, gender, and race using labor force survey data. We find persistent earnings and wage reductions especially for less advantaged entrants that increases in government support only partly offset. We confirm the results are unaffected by selective migration and labor market entry by also using a double-weighted average unemployment rate at labor market entry for each birth cohort and state-of-birth cell based on average state migration rates and average cohort education rates from Census data.

We examine administrative data on young German workers and their employers to study the long-term effects of an early career job loss. To account for nonrandom sorting of workers into firms with different turnover rates and for selective job mobility, we use changes over time in firm- and age-specific labor demand as an instrument for displacement. We find that wage losses of young job losers are initially 15 percent, but drop to zero within five years. Only workers leaving very large establishments suffer persistent losses. A comparison of estimators implies that initial sorting, negative selection, and voluntary job mobility biases ordinary least squares estimates toward finding permanent negative effects of early displacements.

Longitudinal administrative data show that rejected male applicants to the Disability Insurance (DI) program who are younger or have low-mortality impairments such as back pain and mental health problems exhibit substantial labor force attachment. While we confirm that employment rates of older rejected applicants are low, continued high numbers of younger and low-mortality beneficiaries have raised the potential employment of DI beneficiaries. Three findings support economic inducement to apply. Mean preapplication earnings have fallen, rejected applicants experience preapplication declines in earnings, and beneficiaries whose first applications were rejected at the DDS level but who ultimately received benefits exhibit substantial employment. JEL: H55, J14, J28, J31

The majority of papers analyzing the employment effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit durations focus on the duration of the first unemployment spell. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we use a regression discontinuity design to analyze the long-term effects of extensions in UI durations. These estimates differ from standard estimates in that they incorporate differences in UI benefit receipt and employment due to recurrent unemployment spells. Second, we derive a welfare formula of UI extensions that incorporates recurrent nonemployment spells.

"Influential studies have suggested that initial conditions can have persistent effects on workers' careers within firms. It is a longstanding question among economists whether such lasting wage differentials among firms and industries are due to persistent deviations of wages from workers' skills due to contracting and market frictions, or whether they arise from permanent differences among workers' skills. However, there is currently little representative evidence on firm-entry cohort effects and few explicit tests of alternative explanations. We use information on the universe of workers from a large German manufacturing sector from matched employer-employee records to show that firm-entry cohort effects are a pervasive phenomenon for the firms we study. The cohort effects we estimate are highly heterogeneous across firms and slowly fade over time. We also find that wage premiums on the past job are lost at job displacement, and that initial positive effects on wage levels at the new job fades over time. This suggests that at least part of firm-entry cohort effects arise from transitory rents, and that initial effects from previous wages fade as workers' search for better jobs." (author's abstract)

"Wir zeigen, dass Arbeiter in stabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen, die während der Massenentlassungen aufgrund der im Jahr 1982 vorherrschenden Rezession in Deutschland ihren Arbeitsplatz verlieren, anhaltende Gehaltsverluste in Höhe von 10-15% über einen Zeitraum von 15 Jahren hinnehmen müssen. Diese Schätzungen werden anhand vergleichbarer Daten und einer ähnlichen Methode wie bei Studien für die Vereinigten Staaten erzielt. Aufgrund der Vorteile der deutschen Daten, können wir zeigen, dass während in den ersten 10 Jahren der Rückgang und Wiederanstieg der Arbeitszeit eine Rolle für die Einkommensverluste spielen, langfristig der Lohnverlust den wichtigsten Erklärungsfaktor darstellt. Wir zeigen auch, dass selbst das großzügige deutsche System der Arbeitslosenversicherung lediglich einen kleinen Anteil des gesamten Einkommensverlustes ersetzen kann. Diese Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Arbeitsplatzverluste zu großen und andauernden Rückgängen für das Einkommen führen, selbst in Arbeitsmärkten mit strengeren sozialen Sicherheitsnetzen und geringerer Einkommensungleichheit." (Autorenreferat)

"Dieses Papier wertet den Einfluss von weitreichenden Veränderungen in der Bezugsdauer der Arbeitslosenversicherung in verschiedenen ökonomischen Umgebungen auf Arbeitsangebot, Qualität der Arbeitsstelle und Suchverhalten aus. Wir zeigen, dass Altersbegrenzungen in der Anspruchsberechtigung ein gültiges Regression-Discontinuity-Design erlauben, welches wir mit administrativen Daten auf Basis der Grundgesamtheit der Arbeitslosengeldbezieher in Deutschland über 20 Jahre umsetzen. Wir beobachten, dass Anstiege in der Arbeitslosenversicherung kleine bis mäßige Effekte auf die Nichtbeschäftigungsrate haben, ein Ergebnis, das robust über den Konjunkturzyklus und verschiedene demografische Gruppen ist. Demzufolge führen große Ausweitungen in der Arbeitslosenversicherung während Rezessionen weder zu andauernden Anstiegen der Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer, noch können sie Unterschiede in der Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer verschiedener Länder erklären. Wir können keinen Effekt von höherer Arbeitslosengeldbezugsdauer auf die durchschnittliche Arbeitsplatzqualität finden, aber zeigen, dass der Durchschnitt möglicherweise unterschiedliche Effekte auf die Jobsuche über die Verteilung der Arbeitslosengeldbezugsdauer miteinander vermengt. Es scheint jedoch, dass für eine Mehrheit der Arbeitslosengeldempfänger eine ansteigende Arbeitslosengeld-bezugsdauer zu kleinen Abstrichen bei den Gehältern führt." (Autorenreferat)