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What would you do if a law that enabled your investment to operate successfully abroad had just been changed, and your business could no longer operate profitably there? Imagine exporting goods to a government buyer only to discover after the fact that your home country, or the United Nations, has just imposed an embargo on that country. An unexpected resignation, a terrorist act, or a currency collapse can instantaneously transform the political and economic landscape of a country or region, and with that, what seemed like a good business decision can quickly become a disaster. Managing Count

"What would you do if a law that enabled your investment to operate successfully abroad had just been changed, and your business could no longer operate profitably there? Imagine exporting goods to a government buyer only to discover after the fact that your home country, or the United Nations, has just imposed an embargo on that country. An unexpected resignation, a terrorist act, or a currency collapse can instantaneously transform the political and economic landscape of a country or region, and with that, what seemed like a good business decision can quickly become a disaster. Managing Country Risk: A Practitioner's Guide to Effective Cross-Border Risk Analysis explains how to identify and manage the plethora of risks associated with conducting business abroad. Daniel Wagner, an industry expert with more than two decades of battle-tested experience, provides readers with the real-world insight needed to think outside the box and anticipate the impact of change on business operations. Using case studies and practical examples, it supplies essential information on country risk management and demonstrates how these concepts apply to every day operational examples. Considering the impact of perception on investment decisions, it demonstrates how to put a country risk assessment into practice and explains how to create a framework, select the right tools, and map out a country risk analysis methodology. Appropriate for a wide audience--from individual entrepreneurs and small exporters to multinational corporations--the book provides a solid foundation in the basics of country risk analysis. It facilitates a clear understanding of the full range of cross-border risks and explains how to manage them from a practitioner's perspective. The strategies, concepts, and tools outlined in the book provide you with the understanding needed to help your organization make more-informed decisions about how it does business abroad. A variety of practical examples and case studies provide the real-world insight needed to add value to the risk management processes in your organization and enhance your company's ability to make a profit"--Provided by publisher.

Literacy is thought to be one of the primary cultural transmitters of information and beliefs within any society where it exists. Yet, when considered as a social phenomenon, literacy is remarkably difficult to define, because its functions, meanings, and methods of learning vary from one cultural group to the next. This book compares and contrasts our understanding of literacy and its acquisition and retention. It addresses major debates in education policy today, such as the importance of 'mother-tongue' literacy programs, the notion of literacy 'relapse', and the concept of educational poverty. The author focuses on Moroccan children whose parents are unschooled, whose language is often different from that used in the classroom, and whose first instruction often involves rote religious teaching

Multilateral institutions have been critical to catalyzing financing and mitigating risk in the developing world. They have been successful in creating new platforms designed to accomplish both objectives, but investors, traders, and lenders continue to perceive high degrees of risk in developing countries. Africa's multilateral institutions have been at the forefront of this effort and are in the process of creating new approaches to risk mitigation, including by pooling their resources.

"Das Angebot an herrscht es- oder auch nur besitzfreien Räumen ist gerade in Städten dünn gesät. Im Rahmen einer Sicherheitspolitik, die im Kern als symbolische Politik der gleichzeitigen Bedienung und Bearbeitung von Unsicherheitsgefühlen begriffen werden kann, überdeckt die Dominanz der Bekämpfung von Kriminalität und ihren vermuteten Vorstufen sozialpolitische Konzepte und konzentriert sich auf Methoden der Verdrängung oder gar Kriminalisierung von Bevölkerungsgruppen, Lebens- und Handlungsstilen, von denen sich andere, besser gestellte Bevölkerungsteile irritiert fühlen. Real fassbar ist dabei nicht ein Gewinn an Sicherheit, sondern der ungleiche Kampf um Raum und Sauberkeit in den konsumfreundlichen Innenstädten. Dabei sind diejenigen, denen mehr Sicherheit verschafft werden soll, gerade nicht identisch mit denjenigen, deren Freiheit zu diesem Zweck eingeschränkt wird - jenen Anderen bleibt beides verwehrt, indem sie zum bloßen Objekt einer Politik des subjektiven Sicherheitsempfindens degradiert werden." (Autorenreferat)

This article reviews research on literacy and makes some educated guesses about literacy research and policy in the current decade and beyond. Issues addressed include defining literacy, literacy acquisition, retention of literacy, and consequences of literacy. The article concludes with some suggestions on future literacy programs in the 1990s, the EFA decade.

Recent research on literacy is reviewed & some educated guesses about research & literacy policies in the coming decade (the EFA or Education for All decade) are outlined. Four general domains in literacy work are examined: defining & redefining literacy, acquisition of literacy, retention of literacy, & individual & social consequences of literacy. Adapted from the source document.