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Conclusion: In conclusion it should be noted that the land and marine areas comprising Lababia's Wildlife Management Area are a rich, largely undisturbed ecosystem. Despite the fact that commercial fishing has reached a point of unsustainability, the marine environment as a whole still harbours a rich diversity of fish species and other aquatic life. Lababia as a community also deserves recognition for having resisted the offers of mining and logging companies at various times in the past. The community is fortunate perhaps in that the quantity of commercially valuable timber in its forests is limited. Also, the exploratory work carried out by mining companies in the 1970s and 80s have not led to huge offers of money. Sustainable common property systems are not generally found in areas where huge amounts of money can be made from resource extraction. It is also worth noting that the community has begun to create a kind of new mythology for itself – a kind of origin myth has emerged that recounts the story of how Lababia in recent times has opposed logging and mining operations in order to embark on a more sustainable path. This story incorporates features of western conservationism together with more traditional forms of ecological knowledge and is now regularly acted out by a newly formed village theatre group that performs for tourists and villagers alike. The theatre group thus acts to crystallize and consolidate a set of beliefs and values that support and inform the community's current aspirations within the ICAD process. Referring once again to the set of characteristics of a successful common property system developed by Ostrom and others, it might now be useful to consider some of the ways in which these characteristics could be expanded or modified to better fit the Lababia situation. In regard to decision-making processes, as one instance, something needs to be said about the manner in which a decision-making body achieves legitimacy and authority in a given community. Something also needs to be said about the processes by which decision-making bodies can re-configure themselves for the purposes of resource management within a cash economy. The issue of ecological knowledge needs fuller consideration since it would appear that local, traditional ecological knowledge would, in many cases, need to be supplemented by the type of knowledge held by marine and agricultural scientists, whose knowledge base extends to global systems. The question of how a community is to deal with outside markets and processes of economic globalization must be addressed, and so also the issue of population growth. The question of what belief system informs the relationship of a given community to its natural resources is also highly significant. Finally, the process by which a community such as Lababia receives funding from outside donor organizations intent on crafting a "global alliance" with local communities must also be addressed. In a country such as PNG, where NGOs now provide many of the services that government agencies provide in other parts of the world, self-promotion by NGOs and their client communities becomes an inevitable outcome of the inherently competitive process of obtaining funding support.

Everywhere in the world communities and nations organize themselves in relation to water. We divert water from rivers, lakes, and aquifers to our homes, workplaces, irrigation canals, and hydro-generating stations. We use it for bathing, swimming, recreation, and it functions as a symbol of purity in ritual performances. In order to facilitate and manage our relationship with water, we develop institutions, technologies, and cultural practices entirely devoted to its appropriation and distribution, and through these institutions we construct relations of class, gender, ethnicity, and nationality. Relying on first-hand ethnographic research, the contributors to this volume examine the social life of water in diverse settings and explore the impacts of commodification, urbanization, and technology on the availability and quality of water supplies. Each case study speaks to a local set of issues, but the overall perspective is global, with representation from all continents

In the age of the high-choice media environment, there is less and less consensus over America's most important problem. Over the last two decades, several studies have demonstrated that agenda diversity—the degree of disagreement over the most important issue—has grown drastically in the U.S. Despite the importance of public consensus in the policy process and for representation, we lack a causal understanding of the mechanisms underpinning changes in agenda diversity. This paper hypothesizes that selective exposure causes greater agenda diversity, as individuals avoid news on issues they are less interested in. This study leverages an experiment (N = 433) to investigate the effect of varying levels of selectivity in the media environment on individual-level agenda diversity. Results support the notion that a media environment that allows for selective exposure compared to forced exposure more typical of the broadcast-era results in higher agenda diversity. These findings support the theory that rising levels of media selectivity contribute to a rise in agenda diversity. The implications of an increasingly diverse national agenda are discussed.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments for Third Edition -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1 Public Service in the Twenty-First Century -- Chapter 2 The Growth of Government and Administration -- Chapter 3 Ethics and Public Administration -- Chapter 4 The Political Ecology of U.S. Public Administration -- Chapter 5 Federalism and Public Administration -- Chapter 6 Civil Society and Public Administration -- Chapter 7 The Organizational Dimensions of Public Administration and Theories of Organization -- Chapter 8 Motivation, Decision-Making, and Organizational Culture -- Chapter 9 The Policy Process -- Chapter 10 Privatization and Public Administration -- Chapter 11 Public Budgeting and Finance -- Chapter 12 Human Resource Administration in Public Organizations -- Chapter 13 Public Administration's Role in Environmental Issues and Climate Change -- Chapter 14 Public Health and the Role of Public Administration -- Chapter 15 Afterword: Public Administration Resiliency in Troubled Times -- Index.

What can American partisan affect groups tell us about different models of partisan affect over a recent snapshot in time? Moreover, what implications do these groups have for political trust over that same snapshot in time? Results from the 2020 and 2016 American National Election Studies suggest that most partisans feel positively toward their inparty and negatively toward their outparty (Classically-Polarized)—consistent with classical approaches to affective polarization. However, some feel negatively toward their inparty and outparty (Double-Dislikers)—more consistent with negative partisanship models. Finally, some feel positively toward their inparty and outparty (Double-Likers). Despite recent work suggesting increasing outparty and inparty animosity, which implies growth in Double-Dislikers and the Classically-Polarized, only the Classically-Polarized grew between 2016 and 2020. Regarding political trust, compared to the Classically-Polarized, Double-Dislikers are associated with less political trust, whereas Double-Likers are associated with increasingly more political trust, suggesting substantive reasons for focusing on each group.