Suchergebnisse

Dem denkenden Theile derselben dargestellt von ihrem Freunde Sebastian Wagner, bischöflichen Vikariats-Rathe daselbst ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Bavar. 2829

Dem denkenden Theile derselben dargestellt von ihrem Freunde Sebastian Wagner, bischöflichen Vikariats-Rathe daselbst ; Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Bibl.Mont. 3081

We investigate the effects of solar forcing on the North Atlantic (NA) summer climate, in climate simulations with Earth System Models (ESMs), over the preindustrial past millennium (AD 850–1849). We use one simulation and a four-member ensemble performed with the MPI-ESM-P and CESM-LME models, respectively, forced only by low-scaling variations in Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). We apply linear methods (correlation and regression) and composite analysis to estimate the NA surface and tropospheric climatic responses to decadal solar variability. Linear methods in the CESM ensemble indicate a weak summer response in sea-level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa geopotential height to TSI, with decreased values over Greenland and increased values over the NA subtropics. Composite analysis indicates that, during high-TSI periods, SLP decreases over eastern Canada and the geopotential height at 500-hPa increases over the subtropical NA. The possible summer response of SSTs is overlapped by model internal variability. Therefore, for low-scaling TSI changes, state-of-the-art ESMs disagree on the NA surface climatic effect of solar forcing indicated by proxy-based studies during the preindustrial millennium. The analysis of control simulations indicates that, in all climatic variables studied, spurious patterns of apparent solar response may arise from the analysis of single model simulations. ; This research partly received external funding from the framework of the European Initial Marie Curie Training network ARAMACC (Annually resolved Archives of Marine Climate Change). This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 604802. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

"Die Erzeugung regenerativer Energien mit Photovoltaik oder Biomasse ist mit einem hohen Flächenbedarf verbunden. Das begrenzte Potenzial dafür geeigneter Flächen in Verbindung mit der Herausforderung, den hohen Energiebedarf substituieren zu müssen, der gegenwärtig durch den Einsatz fossiler Energieträger gedeckt wird, erfordert für eine sachgerechte Verteilung eine substanziell ermittelte Datengrundlage und regional differenzierte Betrachtung sowie Steuerung. Anhand von Beispielen aus (Ober-)Bayern werden Auswirkungen der bisherigen Steuerungsinstrumente aufgezeigt und Perspektiven für einen modifizierten Einsatz entwickelt.." (Autorenreferat)

"Klimawandel und Energiewende geht alle an. Die Raumordnung muss dabei im Sinne des Gemeinwohls eine rahmengebende und koordinierende Rolle spielen. Unter der Prämisse einer 'klimagerechten Verantwortung' müssen die raumrelevanten Aspekte in den Vordergrund gerückt und eine auf Akzeptanz und Partizipation ausgerichtete strategische Landes- und Regionalplanung gestärkt werden. Gesamträumliche Konzepte wie z.B. regionale Energiekonzepte stellen dabei wichtige Bausteine für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung der Energiewende dar. Die zahlreichen Instrumente der Raumordnung sollten zwar einer Neubewertung bezüglich der neuen Herausforderungen (Klimawandel, Energiewende) unterzogen werden, können aber - allerdings nur bei konsequenter Anwendung - wichtige Weichen stellen (z.B. zu einer klimagerechten Siedlungsentwicklung). In diesem Sinne werden von den einzelnen Autoren in diesem Band umsetzungsorientierte Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben und konkrete Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung der Raumordnung und zu ihren Instrumenten aufgezeigt (z.B. Schaffung einer Koordinierungsstelle, Erweiterung von Instrumenten der Freiraumsicherung, 'Klima- Check' in Raumordnungsverfahren). Die Zielsetzung der Arbeitsgruppe war es, über die einzelnen in schriftlicher Form niedergelegten Beiträge hinaus, auf allen Planungs- und Entscheidungsebenen weitere Diskussionen und klimagerechtes Handeln anzuregen. Nur im Schulterschluss der Kommunen und Verbände, der Gesellschaft und des Staates sowie mit einer Verknüpfung formeller und informeller Instrumente wird es gelingen, dem Klimawandel zu begegnen und eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung der Energiewende zu bewirken." (Autorenreferat)

At the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in the ninth and tenth century, the medieval eastern Roman empire, more usually known as Byzantium, was recovering from its early medieval crisis and experiencing favourable climatic conditions for the agricultural and demographic growth. Although in the Balkans and Anatolia such favourable climate conditions were prevalent during the eleventh century, parts of the imperial territories were facing significant challenges as a result of external political/military pressure. The apogee of medieval Byzantine socio-economic development, around AD 1150, coincides with a period of adverse climatic conditions for its economy, so it becomes obvious that the winter dryness and high climate variability at this time did not hinder Byzantine society and economy from achieving that level of expansion. Soon after this peak, towards the end of the twelfth century, the populations of the Byzantine world were experiencing unusual climatic conditions with marked dryness and cooler phases. The weakened Byzantine socio-political system must have contributed to the events leading to the fall of Constantinople in AD 1204 and the sack of the city. The final collapse of the Byzantine political control over western Anatolia took place half century later, thus contemporaneous with the strong cooling effect after a tropical volcanic eruption in AD 1257. We suggest that, regardless of a range of other influential factors, climate change was also an important contributing factor to the socio-economic changes that took place in Byzantium during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Crucially, therefore, while the relatively sophisticated and complex Byzantine society was certainly influenced by climatic conditions, and while it nevertheless displayed a significant degree of resilience, external pressures as well as tensions within the Byzantine society more broadly contributed to an increasing vulnerability in respect of climate impacts. Our interdisciplinary analysis is based on all available sources ...

At the beginning of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, in the ninth and tenth century, the medieval eastern Roman empire, more usually known as Byzantium, was recovering from its early medieval crisis and experiencing favourable climatic conditions for the agricultural and demographic growth. Although in the Balkans and Anatolia such favourable climate conditions were prevalent during the eleventh century, parts of the imperial territories were facing significant challenges as a result of external political/military pressure. The apogee of medieval Byzantine socio-economic development, around AD 1150, coincides with a period of adverse climatic conditions for its economy, so it becomes obvious that the winter dryness and high climate variability at this time did not hinder Byzantine society and economy from achieving that level of expansion. Soon after this peak, towards the end of the twelfth century, the populations of the Byzantine world were experiencing unusual climatic conditions with marked dryness and cooler phases. The weakened Byzantine socio-political system must have contributed to the events leading to the fall of Constantinople in AD 1204 and the sack of the city. The final collapse of the Byzantine political control over western Anatolia took place half century later, thus contemporaneous with the strong cooling effect after a tropical volcanic eruption in AD 1257. We suggest that, regardless of a range of other influential factors, climate change was also an important contributing factor to the socio-economic changes that took place in Byzantium during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Crucially, therefore, while the relatively sophisticated and complex Byzantine society was certainly influenced by climatic conditions, and while it nevertheless displayed a significant degree of resilience, external pressures as well as tensions within the Byzantine society more broadly contributed to an increasing vulnerability in respect of climate impacts. Our interdisciplinary analysis is based on all available sources of information on the climate and society of Byzantium, that is textual (documentary), archaeological, environmental, climate and climate model-based evidence about the nature and extent of climate variability in the eastern Mediterranean. The key challenge was, therefore, to assess the relative influence to be ascribed to climate variability and change on the one hand, and on the other to the anthropogenic factors in the evolution of Byzantine state and society (such as invasions, changes in international or regional market demand and patterns of production and consumption, etc.). The focus of this interdisciplinary