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AbstractThis study investigated rainfall variabilities in Kilembe. Secondary (monthly rainfall) data for the study were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority in Kampala, Uganda, for the period 1986–2016. To determine the temporal variation of rainfall, a Mann–Kendall method and Sen's slope estimator test were used. The results showed that March, April, May, October, and November represented the smallest coefficient of variation indicating modest variability of rainfall in these months, whereas June and July had the largest coefficient of variation. The month of July recorded an overall lowest average rainfall and a decreasing trend in rainfall. The study further revealed a historical general upward trend in rainfall between 1986 and 2016 in Kilembe. The trend in the monthly and annual rainfall is partly attributed to the Intertropical Convergence Zone, influx of moisture from Congo Forest, and climate change. The area recorded also two peaks of rainfall in the year, one in April and another in September, revealing a bimodal pattern of rainfall. The findings indicate that the government should adopt policy measures in the form of an adaptive strategy in order to save the people in the impacted areas.

Disaster and risk experience remain a global pandemic. The community as a vast plate of numerous stakeholders is an embodiment of the team that is capable of managing the global risk exposures. The argument is that, the immediate community plays a vital role in risk management. The study methodology used in exploring community consultations in risk management was through the triangulation of researchers' experience and a sectoral approach which entail the convergent parallel mixed-method of community consultations. Secondary data was obtained from some selected case study community consultation programmes in risk management organised by selected risk management agencies in South-Eastern and Northern region of Nigeria. The Youth Transformational Leadership Collaborative Initiative within the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), National Youth Service Corps and the NEMA-Military Joint Task Force and the Borno State residents programme reports iterates that communities are frontline stakeholders in risk management. Case study of community disaster risk management in some Africa countries was also documented. Extensive consultations with key stakeholders coupled with a healthy sustained collaboration among the stakeholders led to improved coordination in the fight against insurgency in the communities in Borno state. It was identified that coordinated information dissemination between communities to the Task Force was an effective mechanism for community policing and risk reductions. It was identified that low level of public awareness of disaster risk, unavailability of relevant data, weak capacity and inadequate personnel, lack of political will amongst others were the challenges to community consultation in risk management in Nigeria. The study proposed community-based disaster risk management approach, which entails intensive and extensive consultation to build people's capacity of coping with disaster risks towards creating safer and resilient communities.

Waste management is at its lowest ebb in most towns and communities in Nigeria. Most parts of the city centres do not benefit from public waste disposal services. The goal of this study was to assess the level of environmental literacy in the management of solid waste in Ibadan, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the waste management practices, assess the level of awareness, their willingness to participate, concern for waste management, attitudes to waste management and governmental strategies used to educate residents about waste management in Ibadan. A total of three hundred and eighty four questionnaires were administered to randomly selected households. Key informant interviews were conducted with officials at the Oyo State Ministry of Environment and Oyo State Waste management Authority. Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the quantitative data. The statistical methods used included descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage. The result on waste management practices amongst residents showed that food waste was the most generated in Ibadan, followed by polythene and paper. With regards to awareness, findings showed that residents were generally aware of what waste is and also aware of waste management practices such as recycling and composting. The findings on attitude to waste management revealed that positive attitude was only exhibited towards the benefits of waste management while negative attitude was displayed toward the practicality of waste management. With regards to governmental strategies, result showed the major governmental strategies as public education through media jingles, community awareness campaigns, and inspection of market places, printouts and town meetings. One of the recommendation was that incentive based recycling programs should be introduced to encourage the practice amongst residents.