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In the 1890s, the discourse on the negative effects of opium consumption among Native people turned into a political movement, which demanded that the Dutch colonial government reform its policies on opium. In the same period, Raden Ajeng Kartini, a priyayi (noble) woman from Jepara, developed her intellectual capabilities and thinking. Her letters, it was later discovered, contained critical ideas concerning the disadvantaged position of Javanese women. In addition to this, as an issue attracting greater public scrutiny, the opium problem also drew Kartini's attention, as evinced in at least two letters to Stella Zeehadnelaar and Mrs. Abendanon-Madri. Curiously, Kartini's views on the opium problem have been given little scholarly attention in the rich literature on her life, with most scholarly work focusing on her "feminist" thoughts and ideas. For that reason, this article offers an analysis on this very specific aspect of Kartini's thoughts, delving further into its historical context and what it means in terms of her existing historical persona.

By the 1890s the Dutch had noticed the escalation of opium addiction in colonial Indonesia. They believed that opium consumption had brought about health problems and other negative socioeconomic effects. Yet, the profitability of opium took precedence over its negative social effects in the Dutch East Indies government's policy, which until the end of the 1920s made almost no substantial efforts to address addiction. It was nongovernmental organisations which took the initiative to install medical facilities for addicts and launch diverse anti-opium campaigns. These organisations marked the rise of modern philanthropic activism in the field of public health as part of the flourishing sociopolitical movements of that time. They also represent the nascent civil society in late colonial Indonesia.

It's not only the citizen (constituent) who determines the image of mayor election (Pilkada) but also anybody who influences the citizen in order to gain the support from people has big influence through the image of democracy. One of political bad habits and law deviations which blot the image of mayor election (Pilkada) is money politics. It's the time for each people to not mortgage the democracy through money politics, since money politics can only make the future of country becomes even worse as a non-ethics country. In the Islamic doctrine, money politics can be categorized as bribing practice or a forbidden activity

HARTA BERSAMA DAN KEDUDUKAN ANAK DALAM RUMAH TANGGA TKW YANG BERCERAI DARI PERKAWINAN SIRRI DI DESA BUNDER Abdul WahidUniversitas Muhammadiyah CirebonFakultas HukumJalan Tuparev Nomor 70 CirebonTelp/WA : 08179095378; Email : abdulwahid.lawyercrb@gmail.com ABSTRAKHidup bersama antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita mempunyai akibat yang sangat penting dalam masyarakat, baik terhadap kedua belah pihak maupun keturunannya serta anggota masyarakat yang lainnya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu peraturan yang mengatur tentang hidup bersama antara lain syarat-syarat untuk peresmian hidup bersama, pelaksanaannya, kelanjutannya dan berakhirnya perkawinan itu. Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, merupakan salah satu wujud aturan tata tertib pernikahan yang dimiliki oleh negara Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang berdaulat, di samping aturan-aturan tata tertib pernikahan yang lain yaitu Hukum Adat dan Hukum Agama. Agar terjaminnya ketertiban pranata pernikahan dalam masyarakat, maka Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 jo. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975 menentukan bahwa setiap perkawinan harus dicatat oleh petugas yang berwenang. Namun kenyataan memperlihatkan fenomena yang berbeda. Hal ini tampak dari maraknya pernikahan siri atau pernikahan di bawah tangan rumah tangga TKW yang terjadi di Desa Bunder Susukan Cirebon.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada bagaimana pembagian harta bersama rumah tangga TKW yang bercerai dari perkawinan sirri di Desa Bunder dan bagaimana kedudukan anak dalam rumah tangga TKW yang bercerai dari perkawinan sirri di Desa Bunder. Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembagian harta bersama rumah tangga TKW yang bercerai dari perkawinan sirri di Desa Bunder dan mengetahui kedudukan anak dalam rumah tangga TKW yang bercerai dari perkawinan sirri di Desa Bunder.Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis data yang dipergunakan meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan meliputi: Wawancara dan studi kepustakaan baik berupa buku-buku, perundang-undangan, dokumen-dokumen, dan sebagainya.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem pembagian harta bersama dalam rumah tangga TKW yang bercerai dari perkawinan sirri yaitu, (a) apabila suami lebih banyak bekerja dibanding isteri, menghasilkan harta maka bagian suami sama besar dengan bagian isteri dihitung dari jumlah banyaknya aset dalam keluarga, (b) apabila isteri lebih banyak bekerja dibanding suami, menghasilkan harta maka bagian isteri lebih besar dibanding bagiannya suami dihitung dari jumlah banyaknya aset dalam keluarga, dan (c) apabila suami atau isteri bekerja mengahasilkan harta yang sama banyaknya maka bagian isteri lebih besar dibanding bagian suami.Adapun kedudukan anak dari perkawinan sirri secara yuridis keberadaan anak nikah sirri tersebut tetap mendapat pengakuan, perlindungan dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama dihadapan hukum, sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 28D ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar RI Tahun 1945. Kata Kunci : Harta Bersama, Anak, Cerai, Perkawinan Sirri TREASURE TOGETHER AND POSITION CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLD TKW HOUSEHOLD FROM SIRRI MARKET IN VILLAGE BUNDER ABSTRACTLiving together between a man and a woman has a very important consequence in society, both to both parties and their descendants and other members of society. Therefore, it is necessary to have a regulation that regulates the common life among other conditions for the inauguration of the collective life, its implementation, the continuation and the end of the marriage. Act No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, is one form of marriage rule rules owned by the state of Indonesia as a sovereign nation, in addition to other rules of marriage discipline namely Customary Law and Religious Law. In order to ensure the order of marriage institutions in society, Law No. 1 of 1974 jo. Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 stipulates that every marriage should be recorded by authorized officers. But reality shows different phenomena. This is evident from the rise of siri or marriage marriage under the hands of household TKW that occurred in the village Bunder Susukan Cirebon.This study focuses on how the division of joint property of TKW households is divorced from Sirri marriage in Bunder Village and how the position of the child in the household of TKW is divorced from sirri marriage in Bunder Village. The urgency of this research is to know the division of joint property of TKW households divorced from sirri marriage in Bunder village and to know the position of the child in the household of TKW which divorced from sirri marriage in Bunder village.The approach method used in this research is empirical juridical, with qualitative descriptive research specification. Types of data used include primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used include: Interviews and literature studies either in the form of books, legislation, documents, and so on.Based on the results of this study can be concluded that the system of division of common property in households TKW divorced from marriage sirri that is, (a) if the husband works more than wife, resulting in wealth then the husband's part as big as the wife is calculated from the amount of assets in the family , (b) if the wife works more than the husband, yields the property, the wife's part is greater than the husband's share is calculated from the amount of assets in the family, and (c) if the husband or wife works to produce as much wealth then the wife is bigger than part husband.The position of the child from the marriage of sirri in the juridical existence of the married son of sirri still gets the recognition, protection and the certainty of the just law and equal treatment before the law, as the provisions of Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Keywords: Joint Treasure, Child, Divorce, Sirri Marriage

Artikel ini ditulis untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pandangankonsepsional pendidikan karakterdalam pembelajaran di madrasah diniyah. Untuk memperoleh data tentang konsep pendidikan karakter penulis melakukan kajian kepustakaan. Madrasah diniyah merupakan sebuah lembaga pendidikan non-formal yangkeberadaannya sangat efektif untuk menambah pengetahuan agama anak didiknya, yang tidak diperoleh di bangku sekolah formal.Tujuan pembelajaran di Madrasah Diniyah bukan hanya pada pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknis (hard skill) saja, akan tetapi juga pada keterampilan mengelola diri dan orang lain (soft skill). Oleh karena itu, menjadi penting dalam pengembangan pendidikan karakter pada lembaga pendidikan madrasah diniyah, sebuah proses yang melibatkan penanaman pengetahuan, kecintaan dan penanaman perilaku kebaikan yang menjadi sebuah pola/kebiasaan. Nilai-nilai karakter yang dipandang ideal dan sangat penting diinternalisasikan ke dalam setiap jiwa peserta didik mencakup nilai-nilai berikut: religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan, cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, bersahabat/komunikatif, cinta damai, gemar membaca, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. Dalam hal ini, lembaga pendidikan madrasah diniyah harus mendesain proses pembelajaranmulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, hingga evaluasi pembelajaran pada semua mata pelajaran, sehingga menjadi bagian yang memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pembinaan sikap/ karakter para peserta didik.

Land tax (landrent) was first introduced by British Ruler, Thomas Raffles in 1811/1812, but was later retained by the Government of the Dutch East Indies until the end of its power in 1942. The long history of applying this tax has led to various dynamics from continuous administrative reforms to socio-political resistance from the taxpayer (community). In general, the application of land tax adapted to local economic and political conditions to make it work effectively and efficiently. In the autonomous region of vorstenlanden, the application of land tax became the pull out field of political authority between the Dutch East Indies Colonial Government and the traditional Governments of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta palaces, both of which share political and administrative powers in their respective territories. On the one hand this condition leads to dualism administrative, because the land tax operates as a central tax and local tax, thus potentially causing double tax burdens for local communities. This article seeks to critically examine how the pull out of land tax administration in vorstenlanden and how far the tax became part of the political relations of the colonial state with the indigenous traditional state.

Di tengah gegap gempita perayaan kemerdekaan Indonesia ke-70 pada 17 Agustus 2015 lalu, sekelompok orang mendeklarasikan berdirinya sebuah partai baru bernama "Partai Priboemi". Dengan dukungan sejumlah Jenderal Purnawirawan TNI, partai tersebut secara resmi mendaftarkan dirinya sebagai lembaga berbadan hukum dengan mengusung slogan "religius, nasionalis, berbudaya". Visi besar mereka adalah memperjuangkan kepentingan masyarakat pribumi yang dewasa ini—menurut mereka—semakin terancam oleh ekspansi kekuatan asing beserta agen-agen domestiknya. Belum terbukti bagaimana penerimaan masyarakat atas kelahiran partai baru tersebut karena kita harus menunggu setidaknya hingga pemilihan umum 2019 nanti. Namun, respons sementara sudah dapat disaksikan dari komentar netizens di berbagai media sosial, yang umumnya menunjukkan pandangan negatif, bahkan penolakan karena menganggap aspirasi politik tersebut hanyalah sensasi politik yang bernuansa "rasis" dan "ultranasionalis". Terlepas dari pro-kontra yang ada, kehadiran partai baru tersebut cukup menggelitik kita untuk mempertanyakan kesahihan isu tentang masyarakat pribumi tersebut. Benarkah setelah 70 tahun merdeka, Indonesia masih memiliki persoalan dalam memberikan perlindungan masyarakat pribumi? Lalu, siapakah atau kelompok masyarakat manakah yang bisa disebut sebagai "pribumi" itu, dan seberapa memadai pengetahuan dan hasil riset yang ada tentang isu-isu tersebut?

From an economic point of view, pawnshop has an important function as a micro-credit institution, especially for those living in the rural areas where access to capital market is often limited. In Java, pawnshop business has existed since the VOC period in the eighteenth century, but it only really burgeoned under the colonial state administration in the early twentieth century. In such a long period, pawnshop business shifted in nature from a private economic activity during the nineteenth century to a public service in the early twentieth century. The introduction of the Ethical Policy in 1901 brought the pawnshop government service into new direction; it became an instrument of welfare program to provide popular credit for indigenous population in rural areas that helped to free them from excessive usurious practices and indebtedness to illegal moneylenders. This paper argues that the operation of this government enterprise, in fact, deviated from its 'ethical' commitment and worked as usual 'profit-making' organization. This proved another irony of the Ethical Policy in Java and the Netherlands Indies in general.

This paper is motivated by the development of the interpretation of the Koran in Indonesia, in particular the study of works of Tafsir Al-Azhar Hamka, who received great attention from various researchers. In addition, the development of thought in the field of interpretation is one thing that is very important, because the Qur'an is the source of the research that was never completed. Core issues discussed in this thesis is twofold: How to influence social conditions in the interpretation of the Koran that do Hamka in his commentary ?, and how to influence the political aspects of the Qur'anic exegesis by Hamka? To find answers to these problems above, then do literature study (library research), with review of books relating to the issues discussed. From a review of this literature, acquired the desired data and then analyzed in depth by using descriptive analysis method, which is to analyze and describe the findings obtained. From the results of the various sources related to the issues of this thesis, it was found that the first Hamka in interpreting paragraph 59 letter al-Nisa 'influenced by the social situation that is happening. This can be seen in the content of the interpretation of these verses associated with the destruction of the Islamic society under Islamic rule of the Ottoman Empire. Whereas if it is linked to social conditions locally, it can be concluded that the interpretation of verse 59 of Surat al-Nisa 'is Hamka not affected by social situations that are local (Indonesian context). Both the interpretation of paragraph 58 letter al-Nisa ', Hamka was not influenced by the political situation is growing. This can be seen in the content of the interpretation of the verse, where Hamka understanding of the verse does not connect with the political situation in Indonesia and the global Islamic politics, when books authored on this interpretation. Furthermore, it can be explained that Hamka was a prominent flexible, so he tried to adapt to current conditions. In conclusion interpretation, Hamka ...

Not all juridical products are along with the society's aspiration. There are some of the juridical products assessed as against the democracy enforcement by the society. The verdict number 15/PUU-IX/2011 given by the Constitutional Court is a kind of correction to the performance of the lawmakers (UU) if the law they produce are considered contra-democracy. Besides, the verdict of the Constitutional Court to some of the articles in the Law No. 2 Year 2011 actually might be read as a warning from the Constitutional Court to the lawmakers, especially those regulating the problem of political parties so that their performance could be maximized and transparent, and consider egalitarianism in the future.

In order to extend its trading network and engagement in the intra-Asian trading network, the VOC sought to gain contact with Japan, which was known for its luxurious products as copper and silk. At that time, Tokugawa Ieyasu just emerged as the new Japanese ruler, whose regime introduced a controversial policy known as Sakoku to cut Japan completely off from the international relations to strengthen internal politics. As a result, Japan lost its diplomatic and economic relationship with other nations. The Dutch (represented by the VOC) together with China and Korea - were the only exception as the Tokugawa regime granted them trading license and used them as window to see the outer worlds development. The VOCs offiers had to pay costly this privilege, however, since they should follow Tokugawas strict rules and control. They were allowed to settle and live only on a virtual island called Deshima, which was located on the bay of Nagasaki. Tokugawa regime provided all their needs, but restricted their movements and activities especially in accessing land and making contact with local inhabitants. Perusing the available printed historical sources to be combined with the recent literature, this paper describes the daily life of those VOCs Dutch offiers living on the island, and seeks to analyze the importance of this odd relations for political and economic relations of the two nations.Keywords: the VOC, Dutch, Tokugawa Japan, Deshima

Language and media has always been in a mutual relationship. Historical record shows that mass media, such as newspaper, magazine and other products of printing technology, played a very instrumental role in the development of language and its changing practices and functions within society. In Indonesia, this can be seen during the late colonial period – particularly from early twentieth century onward – when printing technology was introduced on massive scale as part of the capitalist expansion to produce an increasing number of newspapers, magazines, journals, and other publications. These mass media boosted the literacy rate of Indonesian population and created a 'reader community', and cultivated written tradition, which later stimulated wider cultural and political literacy among Indonesian society. This 'printing capitalism' also facilitated the evolution of vernacular language and brought them into a modern written world that partially supported the identity formation of local society in a colonial context. More importantly, the mass media also mediated the transformation and institutionalization of Malay from a 'vernacular language' into a 'national language', known later as Bahasa Indonesia. A growing number of Western educated Indonesians used and practiced Bahasa Indonesia in their reading, writing, and speaking activities abandoning the Dutch as 'national language' of the colonial state of Netherlands Indies. In turn, this escalated the formation of Indonesian nationalism and forged the nationalist movement and the national identity to counter and liberate Indonesia from the tyranny of colonialism (Anderson, 1991; Adam,1995).

Sekolah alam Lebah Putih Salatiga mengembangkan model pembelajaran berbasis Inkuiri (Inquiry Based Learning). Model ini tergolong unik dan belum banyak sekolah menerapkan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian manajemen pendidikan ini hendak menyoroti praktik yang dikembangkan Sekolah alam Lebah Putih. Adapun fokus dari penelitian ini mencakup aspek; perencanaan, penataan organisasi, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, monitoring dan evaluasi. Lima aspek inilah yang akan dieksplorasi dan ditemukan jawabannya. Research gap dari penelitian ini adalah; apakah praktik pembelajaran berbasis Inkuiri ini memang dapat berjalan optimal dan didukung oleh manajemen yang baik, ataukah sekedar ingin menerapkan sesuatu yang berbeda. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum praktik pembelajaran berbasis Inkuiri ini berjalan baik. Namun demikian, dalam beberapa aspeknya perlu beberapa penguatan dan pembenahan agar visi-misi dan tujuan sekolah, dalam upaya mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis Inkuiri ini dapat lebih optimal, dan menghasilkan prestasi yang cemerlang.

This study discusses about how to the notion Religious Enterpreneur Contributions to the brown stone Production Rate Pinrang. In testing associative product moment correlation analysis. The results of the study found; First, the level of religious understanding brown stone entrepreneurs in Pinrang descriptive classified by category quite well. Second, the performance level of industrial entrepreneurs in the brown stone Pinrang classified based on the results of the descriptive analysis of the high category, or both. Third, relationship or employer contributions toward religious understanding of performance levels in the brown stone industry Pinrang based on the results of manual analysis and analysis of SPSS for windows is very significant. The implications of this study are expected to be input to the local government offices Pinrang especially those related to the variable of religious thought and red stone industry, so as to provide motivation, spirit, and capital assistance to entrepreneurs to develop their businesses.