The Evolution of Operational Code Analysis
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 403
ISSN: 1467-9221
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In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 403
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: American political science review, Band 82, Heft 1, S. 339-340
ISSN: 1537-5943
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 605
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 173-175
ISSN: 1471-5457
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 9, Heft 2, S. 321
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 24, Heft 3, S. 199-212
ISSN: 1460-3691
Walker, S. G. and Watson, G. L. Groupthink and Integrative Complexity in British Foreign Policy-Making: the Munich Case. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 199-212.We focus in this paper upon the groupthink construct as a partial explanation for the flawed decision-making by British leaders in managing the Munich crisis with Germany. In order to assess its explanatory power, we follow the precedent established in previous case studies, which explore the link between groupthink and the levels of integrative complexity exhibited by decision-makers. The hypothesis linking the two phenomena is that in cases where groupthink is present, the level of integrative complexity will be significantly lower than in cases where it is absent. The Munich case is a particularly appropriate case for replicating the test of this hypothesis because, unlike other groupthink cases, it did not lead to unsuccessful military interventions or escalations. Our results indicate that: (1) groupthink existed in the Munich case; however, it did not persist throughout the entire crisis. (2) Its presence and absence within the crisis fluctuated consistently with the expectations associated with the theory which accounts for its dynamics. (3) The integrative complexity exhibited by Prime Minister Chamberlain and Foreign Secretary Halifax varied as predicted by the hypothesis linking it with groupthink.
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 24, Heft 3-4, S. 199
ISSN: 0010-8367
In: Cooperation and conflict: journal of the Nordic International Studies Association, Band 24, Heft 3/4, S. 199-212
ISSN: 0010-8367
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of political & military sociology, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 105
ISSN: 0047-2697
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 5, Heft 2, S. 237
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 12, Heft 3, S. 457
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: Political psychology: journal of the International Society of Political Psychology, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 215
ISSN: 1467-9221
In: British journal of political science, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 33-51
ISSN: 1469-2112
There is a growing body of literature dealing with the anticipation and management of international crises. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to the learning effects of successive 'real world' confrontations between the same protagonists. This gap is somewhat paradoxical, since there is a great emphasis upon 'teaching' the adversary certain lessons in the deterrence literature, and a preoccupation with 'vicarious learning' by policy makers who do not wish to repeat the mistakes of their predecessors.
In: British journal of political science, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 33
ISSN: 0007-1234