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This article integrates the research evidence that applies Miles and Snow's strategic management framework to the performance of public agencies. Miles and Snow developed several strategy types, arguing that prospectors (searching for new approaches) and defenders (sticking with the existing pattern of services) are aligned with processes, structures, and the environment in ways that lead them to outperform reactors (awaiting for instructions from the environment), which have no consistent strategy or alignment. Six key lessons for the practice of strategic management in public organizations are provided based on a critical review. Findings point toward the importance of employing a mix of strategies in public organizations, contrary to Miles and Snow—a strong evidence base for the association between prospecting and defending and performance and for relationships between strategy types and processes and structures. However, no empirical evidence is provided for alignment across strategy, structure, process, and the environment. The findings, largely derived from the United Kingdom and United States, suggest that the most successful strategy recipe depends on the ingredients, and thus managers must pay attention to the connections between the outlined contingencies to generate the best results using the adopted strategy.

This essay complements that of Hou et al. (Hou, Yilin, Anna Ya Ni, Ora-orn Poocharoen, Kaifeng Yang, and Zhirong Zhao. 2010. The case for public administration with a global perspective. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20) on globalized public management. It focuses on public management as an interdisciplinary design science that reconnects with the themes of prior discussion, make links to the current array of theoretical and conceptual frameworks already in use, and discusses institutional capacity in the field to meet the globalization challenge. The essay concludes that although public management has come along way, an exciting journey is still ahead for the field. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of this article is to identify the antecedents of service, organizational process (organization and marketization), and ancillary innovation types. The drivers of the study are twofold: prior research has not adequately addressed how organizational and environmental antecedents may vary by innovation type, and the impact of complementary relationships between innovation types has not been systematically estimated in public organizations. Data are drawn from a 2-yr multiple informant study of English local authorities. The results of the multivariate analysis show that the antecedents of different innovation types are complex and that complementary relationships between innovation types might not be as widespread as is theorized. Configuration theory is proposed as a framework to move away from examining the myriad of individual variables and toward a consideration of the relationships between antecedents and innovation types. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Adapted from the source document.

This paper presents the first empirical test of innovation type and diffusion in local government. Five types of innovations – one product, three process and one ancillary – were tested in a multivariate model that included environmental, organizational and diffusion variables. The research was conducted on 120 upper tier English local authorities using a multiple informant survey instrument. Results indicate that adoption of innovation is both complex and contingent – different factors drive the diffusion of different types of innovation across upper tier English local government. These findings suggest that further research is required on the interactions of types of innovation in public organizations and that policy instruments developed to assist adoption need to be sensitive to variations between innovations.