Suchergebnisse

La main‐d'oeuvre salariée dans l'agriculture a rarement fait l'objet d'analyses détaillées au Canada, malgré son importance comme critère de classification des exploitations agricoles et comme indicateur de l'évolution de la structure du secteur agricole. Dans cette communication, l'auteure cherche à remédier à cette négligence en intégrant des questions relatives au salariat dans l'agriculture au débat sur les changements structured touchant le secteur agricole des économies industrialisées. Son analyse est fondée sur l'étude du cas de l'industrie de la tomate conditionnee en Ontario. Les incidences de Pindustrialisation sur les marchés du travail agricole sont particulièrement intéressantes. Là où Ton moissonne à la machine plutôt qu'à la main, les fermes embauchent moins d'ouvriers, on fait moins appel au travail des enfants et le nombre d'employées résidentes augmente. Cette étude est une source de données qui contribuent non seulement à notre connaissance des ouvriers agricoles de l'Ontario mais aussi aux arguments en faveur du modèle marxiste classique de l'évolution de la structure de l'agriculture dans les pays industrialisés.Although the presence of agricultural wage labour is important for classifying farm operations and for measuring changes in agricultural structure, it has received little detailed analysis in Canada. This article attempts to redress that oversight by integrating issues that affect hired farm labour into debates about the changing agricultural structure of industrialized nations. A case study of the Ontario processed tomato industry forms the basis for analysis. Of special interest is the influence industrialization has on hired farm labour markets. When mechanized harvesting replaces hand harvesting, there are fewer workers hired per farm, child labour decreases, and there is an increase in resident female employees. This research not only contributes to our knowledge of Ontario farm workers but also provides new empirical data to support the classical Marxist model of change in the agricultural structure of industrialized nations.

Abstract This article presents an overview of the origins, development, rapid diffusion, and current usage of the concept of social capital in both the academic (research‐oriented) and more applied (social policy) literature. Following a short quantitative survey of the appearance of the term in both theses and journals, various meanings of social capital are examined in the light of classical and contemporary sociological theory. Three main research approaches, which are based on the operationalization of social capital or its application as a heuristic device, are critically examined. These approaches are associated with the work ofJames Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu, and Robert Putnam, but there are also some references to the work of economists. The authors contend that, while social capital has value and appeal as a new term, basic theory needs greater development. In particular, attention should be paid to acknowledging the specific perspective on social capital that underlies its usage, the scale or level of analysis employed, and the value of a qualitative use of social capital.