Suchergebnisse

This book examines China's approach to developing a Blue Economy, compares China's efforts to developments in the United States, analyses prospects, cooperation, and competition, and outlines strategic implications arising from China's linkage of the Blue Economy development concept to its Maritime Silk Road initiative.

Following international trends victims of crime in Ireland have increasingly become a source of political, policy and to a lesser extent academic concern. Although it is assumed that the Irish victims' rights movement is having a profound impact on the criminal justice system there are very few studies addressing this assumption or the genesis of the Irish movement. At the time a victims' rights movement was established in Ireland there were movements already established in the U.S. and Britain. To determine which model Ireland followed, if any, in establishing its movement a comparative analysis of the emergence of the victims' rights movements in these three common law jurisdictions was undertaken. This research examines possible victim policy transfer to test the transfer route perception that the victims' movement began in the U.S., was transferred into Britain and then onto Ireland. At the same time that the victims' rights movements were emerging in the U.S., Britain and Ireland, and asserting pressure on their national governments for beneficial changes for victims of crime, international organisations such as the U.N. and Council of Europe were being pressured by victims' rights groups into introducing victim centered instruments of guidance and best practice for member states. Eventually the E.U. became involved and enacted a binding instrument in 2001. These victim centered instruments provide legal and service provision rights to Irish victims of crime, but they do not generate much academic interest. This research, in addition to providing a detailed account of the victim centered instruments, analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, and identifies and analyses the primary victim centered statutory modifications and case law in Ireland over the past three decades. Lastly, the current law and practices in Ireland are evaluated against Ireland's obligations under international and E.U. law.

The blue economy is a globally emerging concept for ocean governance that seeks to tap the economic potential of the oceans in environmentally sustainable ways. Yet, understanding and implementation of particular visions of the blue economy in specific regions diverge according to national and other contexts. Drawing on a discourse analysis of Chinese language documents, this article assesses how the blue economy has been conceptualised in Chinese state policy and discourse. Part of a state ideology and practice of modernisation that is defined in terms of rejuvenation under a strong state, the blue economy in China is seen as an opportunity to promote modernisation from overlapping economic, geopolitical and ecological perspectives and actions. China's distinctive model for the blue economy presents emerging challenges for global ocean governance.

1 Introduction: Shifting Power Balance is Raising New Questions About How U.S. and Chinese Roles and Responsibilities Beyond the Asia-Pacific. - 5 The United States and China: Competing Conceptions of Order / Abraham M. Denmark. - 12 Cooperation Between China and the United States in the Global Commons / WANG Yiwei. - 19 China's Blue Economy: Ambitions and Responsibilities / Kathleen A. Walsh. - 26 Afghanistan and China-U.S. Relations / ZHAO Minghao. - 34 Why Doesn't China Cooperate More Proactively with U.S. Efforts to Counter Iran's Nuclear Program? / Scott W. Harold. - 39 Lessons from Syria: The Role of National Interests in U.S. Middle East Strategy / GAO Shangtao