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The scale of the fighting on the Eastern Front in 1914 is reasonably familiar but the Russian campaign of 1914, apart from Tannenberg, is poorly understood. The Russian Army's military strategy, the choices it made, what it was trying to achieve, why and how, are not well known. This article will analyse Russian strategy and operations in a thematic rather than narrative manner, placing the Russian conduct of operations in the context of Russian military thinking at the time. It will argue that the relative importance of the East Prussian and Galician Operations has been misunderstood, especially the Russian operations in northern Galicia. In late August 1914, the Russian Army faced strategic catastrophe on the entire Eastern Front, not because of events in East Prussia, but in northern Galicia where the chronic lack of correlation between ends and means in Russian military strategy became acute. The Russian high command's desire to launch a third operation into eastern Germany, in August 1914, distorted Russian strategy to the point where the Russian Army flirted with catastrophe in northern Galicia, a brush with disaster that rescued Russian strategy from its own illusions, enabling them to defeat the Austrians and force the German Army into a sustained two- front war.

Cover -- Endorsement Page -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Instruments -- Case Law -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Context -- Research question -- Methodology -- Contribution to knowledge -- Structure -- Part I Historical context -- Chapter 2 A contextual study of victim centrality in eighteenth-century Britain -- Introduction -- The eighteenth century -- Politics -- The victim of crime -- In the popular imagination -- Compounding -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 The causes and outcomes of the exclusion of victims from the nineteenth century Irish justice system -- Introduction -- The nineteenth-century causes of victim exclusion -- A fading noblesse oblige and a laissez-faire revolution -- Urbanisation within an industrialising Ireland -- Greater resident numbers move to cities -- Problems with the victim-centred system are emphasised -- The prevalent hesitancy regarding pursuing actions -- Britain's closest colony lists towards revolution -- British hegemonic rule becomes almost impossible -- The "fear of the crowd" and a move from "status to contract" -- Disorder sees social unrest become a persistent Irish issue -- The"Leviathan State" engenders punitive advancements -- Novel organisations begin dictating chastisement -- Reform alters regulation of juridical frames -- Traditionally overlooked transgressions Are prosecuted -- The impact of victim exclusion in nineteenth-century Britain -- Punishment becomes successfully centralised -- Conclusion -- Part II Sociological transformation -- Chapter 4 Feminism and victimology highlight hidden victimisation -- Introduction -- Victimology -- The birth of the study of victims -- Feminism -- Consciousness-raising and -changing -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 Domestic drivers of change re-establish the victim.

This is a comprehensive guide to the armies that fought a devastating and decisive conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean between the two World Wars of the 20th century. From the initial Greek invasion, designed to "liberate" the 100,000 ethnic Greeks that lived in Western Turkey and had done for centuries, to Mustapha Kemal Ataturk's incredibly efficient formation of a national government and a regular army, this was a war that shaped the geopolitical landscape of the Mediterranean to this day. It gave birth to the modern Turkish state, displacing millions and creating bitter memories of atrocities committed by both sides. Augmented with very rare photographs and beautiful illustrations, this ground-breaking title explores the history, organization, and appearance of the armies, both guerilla and conventional, that fought in this bloody war

"Overshadowed today by the vast scale of World War I, it was the two Balkan Wars of 1912-13 that laid the tinder for that world-changing explosion. This details concisely the background, course and outcomes of these sequential campaigns, and describes the armies involved -- in 1912, those of the Ottoman Empire against the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro), joined in 1913 by Romania. It illustrates a fascinating period of transition from 19th to 20th century dress and equipment, with many rare photographs, and colour plates showing a varied range of uniforms and exotic regional costumes"--P. [4] of cover

The transfer of technologies from government operated research laboratories to commercial firms is a difficult and complicated process. Corporate research and development agreements, intellectual property licenses and other agreements are keys to this process as they offer intellectual property protection to the technology creator. But the high costs of negotiating such agreements make them prohibitively expensive for many emerging entrepreneurial firms (Steffensen, et. al, 2000). These arrangements work well for large firms because large firms have adequate funding. Moreover, they are primarily interested in evolutionary technologies that lead to rather quick market penetration and rapid returns on investment in intellectual property agreements (Christensen, 1997). Independent entrepreneurial firms, however, often focus on disruptive technologies and discontinuous innovations that take much longer to achieve market acceptance and revenue generation (Christensen, 1997). Empirical evidence shows that small firms are more efficient innovators and develop more "major" innovations compared to large firms (Futures Group, 1984; Gellman, 1974). Thus, ineffective technology transfer from government labs to small firms may cause lower rates of innovation for society thereby reducing economic growth below its potential. This technology transfer problem has been recognized by Sandia National Laboratories and it has responded by creating the SAMPLES program. Herein, we describe the differences between disruptive and evolutionary technologies and create a model that exemplifies the important characteristics to technology transfer. Next, we describe the SAMPLES technology transfer model that began in 1996, show how implementation of this model leads to commercialization of disruptive technologies and report empirical evidence of its success with nearly 100 entrepreneurial firms over the last four years. Success of the SAMPLES program suggests that it provides a useful model that may be replicated in other nations that seek to commercialize government laboratory research.