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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Development: Individual, Organizational, and Social -- 1.1 What is development? -- 1.2 Human Society and Social Sphere -- 1.2.1 Human Society -- 1.2.2 Social Sphere -- 1.3 Human Nature and Human Behavior -- 1.3.1 Homo Economicus -- 1.3.2 Homo Politicus -- 1.3.3 Homo Sociologicus -- 1.4 Individual, Organization, and Institution -- 1.4.1 Individual and Value -- 1.4.2 Organization and Value -- 1.4.3 Institution and Value -- 1.5 Natural Science and Social Science -- 1.5.1 Science -- 1.5.2 Social Science -- 1.6 Scientific Methodology -- 1.6.1 Rationality and Experiment -- 1.6.2 Thought Experiment -- 1.6.3 Value Neutrality and Value Irrelevance -- 1.6.4 Empathy -- 1.6.5 Mathematics and Mathematic Model -- 1.6.6 Evidence and Evidence-Based Analysis -- 1.6.7 Concept Definition and Clarification -- References -- 2 Public Value: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic, Private vs. Public -- 2.1 Intrinsic Value vs. Extrinsic Value -- 2.1.1 Intrinsic Value -- 2.1.2 Extrinsic Value -- 2.2 Human Value vs. Universal Value -- 2.2.1 Human Value -- 2.2.2 Universal Value -- 2.3 Objective Value vs. Subjective Value -- 2.3.1 Objective Value -- 2.3.2 Subjective Value -- 2.4 Private Value vs. Public Value -- 2.4.1 Public Value and Publicness -- 2.4.2 Private Value and Privateness -- 2.5 Monetary Value vs. Environmental Value -- 2.5.1 Monetary Value -- 2.5.2 Environmental Value -- 2.6 Value Monism vs. Value Pluralism -- 2.6.1 Value Pluralism -- 2.6.2 Value Monism -- 2.6.3 Value Measurement -- References -- 3 Individual Development: Richer, Healthier, or Happier -- 3.1 Growth, Maturity, Death, and Health -- 3.1.1 Growth and Maturity -- 3.1.2 Death -- 3.1.3 Health -- 3.2 Career, Income, and Asset -- 3.2.1 Career -- 3.2.2 Income and Asset -- 3.3 Various Careers -- 3.3.1 Politician -- 3.3.2 Entrepreneur and Businessman -- 3.3.3 Scientist.

As a result of political demands and imperial cultural cultivation, the Qing Dynasty reigns of Kangxi (1661–1722) and Qianlong (1736–1796) both paid great attention to the traditional Han culture. During these periods, there were two landmark events that embodied the success of their cultural policy. These were the special examinations of boxue hongci ("breadth in learning and vastness in letters", also called boxue hongru) in 1679 and 1736, and the publishing of numerous literary anthologies by the emperors. However, scholarly discussions have often focused mainly on aspects of political and cultural domination, and have rarely discussed the impact of these two events on literary circles in the early and middle Qing Dynasty. Thus, this paper examines the boxue hongci examination and the literary anthologies by Emperors as literary events and evaluate them from three perspectives. First, with regards to literary purposes, these two events fostered the link between official and elite discourses. Second, with regards to literary styles, these two events together facilitated the emergence at the height of the Qing Dynasty styles known as qingzhen yazheng ("purity, authenticity, elegance and correctness") and wenrou dunhou ("gentleness and restraint"). Third, with regards to literary layout, the two events changed the proportion of writers' identity and actively advanced the balance of the north and south literary circles.

The director of West of the Tracks discusses his upbringing between rural and urban worlds, his film education and his documentary practice. Epic portraits of China's changing face, and of lives transformed by the gravitational pull of socio-economic laws. Adapted from the source document.

Historically, there have been three paradigs of public management, namely, the Machiavelli-Hobbes Paradign (MHP), the Wilson-Weber Paradigm (WWP), and the Ostron-Hayek Paradigm (OHP). These paradigms have different characteristics ad face different challenges. After more than 100 years of development throughout the western countries, the WWP has achived its utmost, having emerged as an obstacle to further development. Given this, Western coutries are now embracing the OHP, and the New Public Management is a reform that is fostrering this transformation. In China, however, the situation is very differnt. Due to the feudal traditions and the dominant governance ethod (rule by man, not by law), public administration in China contains several aspects of the MHP. Currently, China's most pressing challenge encompasses instituting reforms that will cultivate a public administrative system where the rule of law prevails. The change to bureaucracy and establishment of WWP is ultimately more critical than the New Public Management.