Suchergebnisse

Alongside the reform and opening-up policies in China since 1978, there has been a transformation of China's governmental functions and of its media system. While adapting to the complex political process towards democratization, the Chinese Communist Party media have further expanded their dual identity as both organizational communicator and mass communicator, and are involved in Chinese political communication in a variety of ways. To improve the role of internal organizational communication, the Party media have extended their sphere of activity from traditional Internal Reference (xinwen neican 新闻内参) to Online Public Opinion Monitoring (yuqing jiance 舆情监测) and Media Think Tank Consultation (meiti zhiku 媒体智库). As leaders in China's market-oriented media reform and tech-driven media integration, the Chinese Party media have remained dominant and privileged agents in China's mass media system, and active participants in social political communication in a number of ways, from traditional policy publicity, to media supervision and timely external opinion guiding.

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between two self-emotions (guilt and shame) and self from a Chinese perspective. In a 2 x 2 experiment conducted with 72 Chinese college students, the outcomes showed that by priming a big-me self-condition, participants would be
likely to feel more guilt than shame; whereas by priming a little-me self-condition, participants reported more shame than guilt. The findings are important to distinguish the two self-emotions and also shed a light on the relationship between self-emotion and self.

In developing countries in which the gap between the rich and the poor is wide, we hypothesized a dissociation between people's implicit and explicit attitudes towards the rich. We tested this hypothesis in China, the world's largest emerging economy. As predicted, Chinese
participants exhibited a negative attitude towards the rich in responding to a questionnaire which measured their explicit attitude. In contrast, when an implicit measure was used, they were found to hold a positive attitude towards the rich. In addition, the correlation between the explicit
and implicit measures was not significant.

Flight dispatchers' role stressors and their consequential work-related strains and job satisfaction were investigated in this study, along with the moderating effect of self-efficacy on flight dispatchers' role stressors and strains, and on role stressors and job satisfaction. Data
were collected from 309 flight dispatchers from 2 Chinese airlines. Correlations and hierarchical regressions revealed that the role stressors were all related to flight dispatchers' physical strain, psychological strain, and job satisfaction. The moderating effect of self-efficacy depends
on the different role stressors and dependent variables being examined. Specifically, the moderating effect was found to be significant in the role conflict-psychological strain relationship, role conflict-job satisfaction relationship, and role overload-psychological strain relationship.
Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

In the study the ways that economic environment and personality influence investment decision making are investigated with an emphasis on the experience of regret. Eighty-four Chinese college students completed an investment questionnaire and NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Results
indicated that the environment mainly affects willingness to invest. Participants exhibited a strong desire to save their money when the macroeconomic situation was pessimistic; in an optimistic environment more money was invested. It was also found that personality influences investment-related
regret more than does environment. Those with a higher level of neuroticism were found to experience more regret than those lower in neuroticism, when faced with a wrong investment decision.

Personality traits have repeatedly been found to be reliable predictors of job performance. In this study of Chinese local government organizations, the relationships between job performance and two personality traits, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were examined. Conscientiousness
was as measured by Talents, a subscale taken from an indigenous scale, the Chinese Personality Scale (QZPS; Wang, Cui, & Zhou, 2005). As expected, talents were related to both task and contextual performance. However, agreeableness as measured by Kindness, from the same indigenous scale,
was related negatively to task performance, and showed no relationship with contextual performance.

This study was aimed at examining how purchase purpose and affluence influence price perception. A total of 84 participants were involved in a 2x2 experiment, the results of which showed that in the case of a primed very affluent condition, participants priced items which they bought
for themselves higher than when they bought the same items for their friends. However, in the primed average wealth condition, the price of the goods which participants marked for themselves was similar to prices of items bought for their friends. These findings give an important insight into
the relationship between affluence and purchase purpose and the influence of these on price perception.

The aim in this study was to examine whether contingency of domain self-esteem moderates the effect of domain self-esteem on global self-esteem. Chinese university students (N = 320) completed the Contingencies of Self-worth Scale and the Self-worth Questionnaire (both by Yang,
Hu, Pang, & Wang, 2007) and the Chinese version (Robinson, Shaver, & Wrightsman, 1997) of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Results indicated that in domains that the individual could control, such as ability or behavior style, domain self-esteem directly influenced
global self-esteem; in domains that the individual could not control, such as appearance and nationality, contingency of domain self-esteem moderated the effect of domain self-esteem on global self-esteem. Cultural differences in contingencies of domain self-esteem are also discussed.

The relationship between the work values and personality of Chinese college students is examined. Qualitative methods were employed to develop work values scale is examined to assess the work values of Chinese college students. A total of 661 students completed a 25-item work values
questionnaire and 238 students also completed the Chinese Personality Scale (QZPS; Wang & Cui, 2003). Factor analysis indicated a coherent model, including 5 factors of challenge, personal worth, equitable opportunity, social status and work conditions. Regression analysis indicated that
individual worth was associated with ways of life and kindness, and that social status was associated with ways of life.

In this study the relationships between attachment to parents, parental rearing, and adolescent subjective well-being were investigated. A total of 448 senior high school students completed the Adult Attachment Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), the Experiences
in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), EMBU (Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, or "Own memories of parental rearing"), the Index of Well-Being (IWB) and the Face Subjective Well-Being (FSWB; Andrews & Withey, 1976). The results suggested that the subjective
well-being of securely attached adolescents was higher than that of insecurely attached adolescents. Avoidance of parents negatively predicted adolescents' subjective well-being. Maternal punishment was negatively associated with Chinese adolescents' subjective well-being. However, paternal
care and warm emotion, as well as paternal overprotection, were positively associated with Chinese adolescents' subjective well-being. Furthermore, maternal negative rearing and paternal positive rearing predicted male adolescents' subjective well-being.

In this study we explored the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers and the validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) as a tool for measuring adult attachment in a Chinese context. Conscious
and explicit adult attachment were assessed using 2 multiple self-report measures; namely, the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). The implicit processes of adult attachment
were assessed using 2 IATs, which were developed based on the 2-dimensional attachment model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and subjective well-being, as measured by the Face Scale (Andrews & Withey, 1976),
were designed as potential correlates of the implicit and explicit attachment measures. Fifty-six undergraduates participated in this study, and it was concluded that both the Self-IAT and the Other-IAT (1) could be used to measure adult attachment with satisfactory reliability and validity;
(2) were significantly related to the 2 dimensions of adult attachment, as measured by the RQ and the ECR; (3) correlated significantly positively with subjective well-being, but not with explicit self-esteem. We concluded that implicit and explicit attachment measures might represent different
aspects of the same underlying construct.