Suchergebnisse

The Range and Differentiation of Emotional Experience Scale (RDEES) is a useful assessment of individual differences in emotional complexity. We recruited 721 Chinese primary and middle school teachers to examine the psychometric properties of the RDEES for use with this population.
The results supported a two-factor model, comprising the range of emotional experience and the differentiation of emotional experience. The Chinese version of the RDEES showed a significant correlation with the Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale. Internal consistency coefficients
ranged from .58–86 and test‐retest reliability ranged from .59â–".66. Therefore, the Chinese version of the RDEES can be used for measuring emotional complexity in Chinese primary and middle school teachers.

Event-related potentials (ERP) play an important role in the early detection of emotional arousal. Previous studies of aesthetics have shown that the positive component appearing around 200 ms after stimulus (P2) and the larger late positive component (LPC) are closely related to the
early stage of aesthetic judgment. We investigated the temporal features of facial aesthetic judgment on the basis of facial features by using the ERP technique. Participants were instructed to predict holistic face aesthetic level based on the regions of eyes, mouth, or nose. Behavioral results
show that holistic score predictions based on the eye region were no different to holistic aesthetic ratings. The ERP analysis results show that beautiful eyes and faces elicited a smaller P2 amplitude and LPC amplitude when judging the holistic aesthetic. The P2 effect of facial aesthetics
may reflect automatic processing of facial aesthetics and the difference in LPC may be related to motivational attention to facial aesthetics. Because of the similar ERP effect between the holistic facial aesthetic judgment and the aesthetic judgment of eye region, this region may play a significant
role in predicting holistic facial aesthetics. The implication is that the eyes are not only a window to the soul, but also a benchmark of beauty.

This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics. The neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability, and neutrosophic statistics are increasingly used in engineering applications (especially for software and information fusion), medicine, military, cybernetics, physics.

Emotional awareness is regarded as a prerequisite for emotional intelligence and regulation. We conducted a series of five studies involving 2,045 teachers to generate a questionnaire containing 21 items with six factors focusing on teachers??? emotional awareness in three dimensions:
themselves, their students, and interpersonal. The self dimension included two factors of teaching emotions and nonteaching emotions, the student dimension included two factors of facial expression and body language, and the interpersonal dimension included two factors of teacher???student
interaction and student???student interaction. The questionnaire demonstrated sound internal consistency reliability, test???retest reliability, and criterion-related validity. Thus, the Emotional Awareness Questionnaire for Teachers in China can be used to evaluate the emotional awareness
of primary and middle school teachers in China.

To explore the neuro-mechanism of the time course of processing a hurt situation, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) generated in the brain in response to stimuli in individuals with different degrees of forgiveness. Participants were 216 university students. Of the early ERP
components, the negative-deflecting N1 was modulated neither by degree of forgiveness nor by the hurt situation, and the positive-deflecting P2 was larger for low-forgiveness than for high-forgiveness participants, and for low-hurt than for high-hurt situations. The N2, which identifies and
encodes stimulus, was enhanced in the high-forgiveness group and for high-hurt situations. Importantly, the late positive component (LPC) stage of stimulus evaluation was larger in the high-forgiveness group for high-hurt situations, but in the low-forgiveness group was evident for low-hurt
situations. These data indicate that the modulation of forgiveness on processing hurt situations occurs at the late stage of information processing.

We investigated emotional conflict in an educational context with an emotional body–word Stroop paradigm, examining whether the N450 (a late fronto-central phasic negative event-related potential signature) and slow potential (SP) effects could be evoked in trainee teachers. The
N450 effect is characterized by topography and negative polarity of an incongruent minus congruent difference potential, and the SP effect has positive polarity (incongruent minus congruent difference potential). Positive and negative body language examples were obtained from pupils in an
actual school context, and emotional words were selected. Compound stimuli were presented, each comprising a congruent or incongruent word displayed across a body image. Event-related potentials were recorded while participants judged body expression valence. Reaction times were longer and
accuracies were lower for the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. The N450 component amplitude in the incongruent condition was more negative than in the congruent condition. Results showed a behavioral interference effect and an N450 effect for trainee teachers in this context,
thus indicating that the body–word task was efficient in assessing emotional conflict in an educational context, and trainee teachers' perception of body expressions of students could be influenced by emotional signals. The findings further the understanding of emotional conflict in
an educational context.