Das Problem der Subjektivität und Objektivität ist eine der zentralen Fragen der Rechtstheorie und Rechtsphilosophie. Diese Arbeit hat zum Ziel, die der Rechtsanwendung inhärente Subjektivität aufzuzeigen, und die Transformation von der Subjektivität zur Objektivität auf ein diskurstheoretisches Fundament zu analysieren. In traditionellen positivistischen sowie nichtpositivistischen Untersuchungen werden die subjektiven Elemente des Rechts vernachlässigt. Eine reine Objektivität ist unerreichbar und die Subjektivität ist unvermeidbar. Durch die Entwicklung eines komplexen Modells der Rechtsanw
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This book can serve as the text for a one-semester course on Monte Carlo simulation. The intended audience is advanced undergraduate students or students on master's programs who wish to learn the basics of this exciting topic and its applications to finance. The book is largely self-contained. The only prerequisite is some experience with probability and statistics. Prior knowledge on option pricing is helpful but not essential. As in any study of Monte Carlo simulation, coding is an integral part and cannot be ignored. The book contains a large number of MATLAB coding exercises. They are designed in a progressive manner so that no prior experience with MATLAB is required. Much of the mathematics in the book is informal. For example, randomvariables are simply defined to be functions on the sample space, even though they should be measurable with respect to appropriate algebras; exchanging the order of integrations is carried out liberally, even though it should be justified by the Tonelli-Fubini Theorem. The motivation for doing so is to avoid the technical measure theoretic jargon, which is of little concern in practice and does not help much to further the understanding of the topic. The book is an extension of the lecture notes that I have developed for an undergraduate course on Monte Carlo simulation at Brown University. I would like to thank the students who have taken the course, as well as the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown, for their support. Hui Wang Providence, Rhode Island January, 2012.
This is a compelling examination of the future of Chinese modernity by the leading member of China's 'New Left'. It challenges both the bureaucratic one-party regime and the Western neoliberal paradigm
Dans cet entretien, inédit en langue occidentale, Wang Hui aborde les rapports entre pensée politique et pratiques de la révolution. Prenant comme point de départ les Thèses sur Feuerbach de Marx, il explore la façon dont cette question a été appréhendée dans la philosophie (Platon, Kant, Deleuze, Spivak…) ainsi que, dans le contexte chinois, par Mao Zedong et le mouvement communiste. Wang approfondit également la conception gramscienne de l'intellectuel organique afin de suivre les transformations de cette figure au fil du xxe siècle. Examinant un épisode décisif de l'histoire du Parti communiste chinois – la campagne de rectification de Yan'an dans les années 1940 –, il poursuit la réflexion à propos des relations entre le parti révolutionnaire et les intellectuels, et de ce qu'il en est advenu par la suite.
AbstractThis article aims to study the modern system of archives development in China and to determine a promising model of its adaptation to global challenges in the post‐truth era. The research methodology is based on a mixed qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data that show the development dynamics of archives system in China concerning public access and the formation of modern views on the problem of fact‐checking, as well as their reliability in the new historical post‐truth era. For effective verification of archival facts, researchers developed an adaptation model of China's archives to global challenges of information reliability in the post‐truth era. It is based on the idea of using artificial intelligence and the expert opinion of archivists. The practical use of the proposed model will contribute to improving the efficiency of archives, as well as the development of digital technologies in this area.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Chaozhou-speaking communities in northeast Guangdong Province dealt with new barriers of border control during the 1950s, and how they circumvented these institutional obstacles to leave China for Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. The emigration process was reshaped by new social and political forces in Maoist China. How did the Chaoshan people apply for the travel permit to leave China? How did they enter the hosting countries? How did the emigration experience influence the identity formation of Chaoshan Chinese in the 1950s?
Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on archival sources, memoirs and interviews to demonstrate the ways in which Chaoshan people pursued new strategies of emigration during the 1950s.
Findings In Maoist China, the application for an entry-exit permit was a rather complicated bureaucratic process for ordinary people. One needs to consider the class status, geographical origins and overseas connections of the applicants as well as the changing official policies toward overseas Chinese.
Research limitations/implications This paper emphasizes on the impacts of emigration experience on the identity formation of Chaoshan people and the incremental transformation of these emigrant communities in Guangdong Province.
Practical implications This scholarly finding throws light on the transformation of Chaoshan from a fluid, mobile maritime environment to an increasingly state-centric agrarian society during the 1950s.
Originality/value This paper is an original scholarly study of the history of Chaoshan communities in South China and their emigration to Southeast Asia.
Wang Hui's article, which is part of the author's larger project on the multiple origins of the Chinese humanities, examines the impact of the modern Western education system on disciplinary divisions in China. The article looks specifically at the development of humanities in China after the 1970s, and in particular since the 1990s.
"亚太再平衡"战略是奥巴马政府最重要的外交遗产,使亚太地区在美国全球战略中的地位提升到前所未有的高度。"中国崛起"导致亚太地区结构的变化是奥巴马政府推出"再平衡"战略的重要背景。随着"亚太再平衡"战略在政治外交、军事和经济领域的全面推进,美国对华政策出现了由强调合作到转向防范的演变。这种转变导致了中美战略互信受损,美国消极回应中美"新型大国关系"倡议,中美在南海问题和网络安全问题上的博弈升级。 "Rebalancing toward Asia-Pacific" is the most important diplomatic legacy of the Obama administration. The United States put the Asia-Pacific region in an unprecedented position in its global strategy. The rise of China led to changes in the structure of the Asia-Pacific region. It is the important background of the Obama administration that launched the "rebalancing" strategy. With the promotion of the "Asia-Pacific rebalancing" strategy in the political, diplomatic, military and economic fields, American Policy towards China has evolved from cooperation to prevention. This change undermines the strategic mutual trust between China and the United States. The United States do not actively build "the new model of major-country relationship". The struggle between China and the United States is becoming increasingly fierce in the South China Sea issue and network security issues.
The return of the Middle Kingdom to the center stage of history is the most significant geo‐civilizaitonal development of the 21st Century. China's rise raises anew the great question, thought settled after the Cold War, of what system of governance will stand on the right or wrong side of history. In this section the leading ideologists of the China model and its "peaceful rise" appear alongside the fiercest critics of China's way.
