Suchergebnisse

AbstractExporters agglomerate either owing to export‐related information externalities or non‐exporting related agglomeration benefits. Using the annual survey of industrial firms in China, this study shows that exporting activities are highly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Capital Region and Shandong and Liaoning Peninsula. Exporters in the export‐oriented industries are significantly more geographically agglomerated than non‐exporters. We also find that exporters strongly co‐locate with non‐exporters and foreign enterprises. Exploratory spatial data analysis reveals the existence of hot spots and cold spots of exporting activities in coastal and inland China. The conditional scatter plot further indicates a high level of diversity in spatial dependence conditioned on geographical location and the magnitude of previous exporting activities. Such localized variance should be taken into account for spatial modelling and policy recommendation.Resumen. Los exportadores se aglomeran, ya sea debido a las externalidades de información relacionadas con las exportaciones o bien a beneficios de aglomeración no relacionados con la exportación. Utilizando la encuesta anual de industrias de China, este estudio muestra que las actividades de exportación se concentran en gran medida en los deltas del río Yangtsé y del río Perla, la Región Capital y las penínsulas de Shandong y Liaoning. Los exportadores de industrias orientadas a la exportación están significativamente más aglomerados de manera geográfica que los no exportadores. También encontramos una fuerte coubicación de los exportadores con no exportadores y empresas extranjeras. El análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales revela la existencia de focos y periferias de las actividades de exportación tanto en la costa como en China continental. El diagrama de dispersión condicional indica, además, un alto grado de diversidad en la dependencia espacial condicionada a la localización geográfica y la escala de las actividades de exportación previas. Tal varianza localizada debería ser tenida en cuenta a la hora de realizar modelización espacial y recomendaciónes sobre políticas.

AbstractThis study investigated how urban cultural and economic tolerance affects urban innovative capacities based on China's prefecture‐level cities. Several tolerance indices, including ratios of migrants, rental housing, gay people, and private economies were introduced and the cities' tolerance scores were measured using factor analysis. The results show that cities with higher cultural and economical tolerant scores were agglomerated in three metropolitan areas in China's southeastern coastal region. The spatial regression model demonstrates that urban cultural and economic tolerance increases urban innovation output and promotes innovation capacities. We also introduced the crime rate as an instrumental variable and found that the effect of tolerance on innovation remains robust. Our study suggests it is important for the Chinese government to establish an open and tolerant environment to attract migrants, creative artists, and entrepreneurs to foster urban vitality and improve urban innovative capacities.