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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- One Gender (In)Equality and China's Economic Transition Liu Bohong, Li Ling, and Yang Chunyu -- Two ""Returning Home"" or ""Being Returned Home""?: The Debate over Women Returning to the Home and Changing Values -- Three Labor Markets, Gender, and Social Stratification -- Four Gender and Gendered Working Time Rights -- Five Urban New Poverty from a Gender Perspective

AbstractEmotion socialization is a critical pathway via which children develop emotional competence valued in their cultural community. This article introduces a multi‐level analysis approach as a conceptual and methodological framework to study family emotion socialization in cultural context. Each of the studies in this Social Development Quartet is discussed within the framework in light of emotion socialization in Asian‐heritage families. A theoretical synthesis is then provided to highlight a few take‐home messages that will help to guide future research endeavors on emotion socialization and development.

AbstractI propose a triangular theory of self to characterise the sense of selfhood in the era of social media. According to the theory, the self in the social media era comprises the represented self that is located in the private mind of the person, the registered self that is presented on social media platforms, and the inferred self that is constructed by the virtual audience. The three components of the self interact in dynamic ways to constitute a sense of selfhood and identity specific to the social media era. Autobiographical memory plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of these components. The triangular theory of self introduces new ways to understand and study memory and self in a digitally mediated world.

PurposeAlthough the Chinese nation is undergoing rapid modernisation and urbanisation, there remains widespread interest in some traditional familial arrangements and practices, particularly in the intergenerational context. This paper discusses the family relations of urban middle-aged citizens in present-day China.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed the grounded theory method to investigate family relations among middle-aged citizens in urban China based on data obtained via semi-structured interviews with 34 participants. A grounded theory coding strategy was used for data analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed evidence of a transformation towards downward solidarity, with decreasing intergenerational co-residency; that is, the traditional norm of adult children providing support to their older parents is rapidly losing popularity. However, middle-aged and older citizens continue to support their adult children by helping them purchase real estate and assisting with childcare activities.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the existence of intergenerational inequality. Policymakers should acknowledge this phenomenon and provide the younger generation with enough support to improve the wellbeing of the country's middle-aged and older population.Originality/valueThe transformation towards downward solidarity implies a new intergenerational relationship in contemporary China, in which many young people rely on financial and functional support from their older parents. Meanwhile, traditional norms continue to exist despite greater downward solidarity among the younger generation. In other words, old and new norms simultaneously exist.

APPROVED ; Focusing on urban areas of contemporary China, this thesis interrogates the interactions between the pension and retirement policy and the pathways of middle-aged citizens to retirement. At present, the pension regime in China is in the transition process, and the future direction of the pension reform is yet to be decided. The existing research mainly focuses on the pension systems and pension reforms in China from a macro-level and financial perspective. However, the experiences, expectations, and perspectives of the individuals are largely ignored. Notably, the application of qualitative research methods is relatively deficient in China. As a Grounded Theory study, this research project applies semi-structured interviews to fill in this gap. Thirty-six interviews were conducted. Through researching the opinions on the pension reform and experiences of the transitions from employment to retirement, this research identifies a gap between the choices made by the individuals and the current pension regime. The retirement pathways are increasingly individualised in urban China at present, which is in tandem with the characteristics of a postmodern society. However, the choices of older workers on work/retirement are still influenced by structural factors, such as the pension and retirement policy. The inequality in retirement incomes is significant, which is primarily created by the discriminative pension policy and cumulative (dis)advantages, and sharpened by the political environment in contemporary China. In addition, family relations interact with the work/retirement choices of middle-aged citizens as some alter their work/retirement choices to tend to family needs.

This article studies post-2000 Chinese feminist activism from a generational perspective. It operationalises three notions of generation— generation as an age cohort, generation as a historical cohort, and "political generation"—to shed light on the question of generation and generational change in post-socialist Chinese feminism. The study shows how the younger generation of women have come to the forefront of feminist protest in China and how the historical conditions they live in have shaped their feminist outlook. In parallel, it examines how a "political generation" emerges when feminists of different ages are drawn together by a shared political awakening and collaborate across age. (China Perspect/GIGA)

In post-2000 China, both the frontiers and the landscape of feminism and feminist resistance have changed, and this change embodies a move away from the "non-governmental organizing" path that characterized the development of feminism during the 1980s and 1990s. This article addresses this "paradigm shift" in Chinese feminism by examining the "outer-system" political stand of post-2000 feminism and their domains of action through performance art, philanthropic volunteerism, and cyberfeminist articulations. These novel modes of feminist protest in the absence of a formal organizational structure challenge our understanding of feminism as a process of "non-governmental organizing" in public space and warrant a cultural analysis to shed light on how feminism engages in cultural contestation and subversion, often in semiprivate and semipublic spaces, in order to develop new and alternative cultural patterns and interpretive frames.

Cet article étudie selon une perspective générationnelle le militantisme féministe chinois à partir des années 2000. Il mobilise trois dimensions de la notion de génération – comme cohorte d'âge, comme cohorte historique et la « génération politique » – pour éclairer la question des changements générationnels dans le féminisme chinois postsocialiste. L'étude montre comment les femmes de la jeune génération ont pris la tête de la contestation féministe en Chine, et comment les conditions historiques dans lesquelles elles ont vécu ont façonné leur approche du féminisme. Parallèlement, l'article étudie l'émergence d'une « génération politique » lorsque des féministes de différents horizons se retrouvent autour d'une prise de conscience politique commune et collaborent en dépit de leur différence d'âge. MOTS-CLÉS : féminisme chinois postsocialiste, génération, militantisme féministe, Chine, cohorte d'âge, cohorte historique, génération politique.

This article studies post-2000 Chinese feminist activism from a generational perspective. It operationalises three notions of generation – generation as an age cohort, generation as a historical cohort and 'political generation' – to shed light on the question of generation and generational change in post-socialist Chinese feminism. The study shows how the younger generation of women have come to the forefront of feminist protest in China and how the historical conditions they live in have shaped their feminist outlook. In parallel, it examines how a 'political generation' emerges when feminists of different ages are drawn together by a shared political awakening and collaborate across age.

This article applies a broader, more holistic, less technically oriented approach to gender quotas in China. It places gender quotas in the historical context of China's political development, delineates the silhouette of the overall political change over time and maps out the fluctuation of ideological and structural conditions for gender equality and hence gender quotas. The article shows how the validity of gender quotas depends on the coupling of women's status to the Party's overall political agenda and how the coupling has been a rather unstable one, leading to a swing between a strong tailwind on an occasion and a strong headwind on another. This 'big picture', the author argues, clears the ground for understanding quotas in the Chinese context and is the first step towards a solid and well-grounded study of the technical aspects of gender quotas in China.

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is an important climate forcing, and climate change also affects LULC processes. We aim to assess the regional sc-ale interaction of LULC change and climate change. Driving forces of LULC change are also examined. Jiangxi Province, China is used as a case study. (1) To obtain reliable climate trends, we apply Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) in surface temperature and precipitation data for the period of 1951-1999. We also compare the temperature trend computed from Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) datasets and from our analysis. (2) To assess the regional impacts of land surface type on surface temperature and precipitation change integrating regional topographic characteristics, we use the Observation Minus Reanalysis (OMR) method. (3) To analyze the driving mechanisms of cropland and built-up land changes over Jiangxi, an integrative approach with quantitative policy effect involving remote sensing, geograph-ical information system (GIS) and statistical techniques is applied. Precipitation series are found to be homogeneous. The comparison between GHCN and our analysis on adjusted temperatures indicates that the resulting climate trends vary slightly from datasets to datasets. A feature of warming wi-nter versus cooling summer and spring drying versus summer wetting is revea-led. Poyang Lake watershed is the center of summer cooling. OMR trends associated with land surface type present that strong surface warming response to land barrenness and weak warming response to land gre-enness. 81.1% of the surface warming over vegetation index areas (0~0.2) att-ributes to LULC change incorporating regional topographic characteristics. The contribution capability of LULC change decreases as land cover greenness increases. OMR trends of precipitation have a weak dependence on the type of land-surface. We find that the cropland transition in Jiangxi has been achieved through multiple interacting mechanisms including policy and socio-economic forces as the proximate factors and biophysical factor as the underlying cause. The pathways leading to built-up land transition rely to various degrees and combi-nations on socio-economic factors. This study has important implications in the monitoring and modeling pro-cesses of climate. We suggest LULC change should be considered along with greenhouse gas as a forcing in local and regional climate modeling. ; Die Veränderung der Landoberfläche im Sinne einer veränderten Bodennutzung und Vegetationsbedeckung (land use and land cover change LULC) stellt einen bedeutenden Faktor in der Klimaforschung dar, wird jedoch wiederum selbst durch den Klimawandel beeinflusst. Ziel der vorgelegten Arbeit ist (1) die Ableitung von Oberflächentemperatur- und Niederschlagstrends der Provinz Jiangxi, China für den Zeitraum von 1951-1999 basierend auf homogenisierten Beobachtungsdaten unter Anwen-dung von Standard Normal Homogenitätstest (SNHT) sowie ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den aus den Datensätzen des Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) berechneten Trends. Des Weiteren wurde (2) unter Verwendung der Observation Minus Reanalyse (OMR)-Methode der kleinräumige Einfluss der Beschaffenheit und Topographie der Landoberfläche auf Veränderungen von Oberflächentemperatur und Niederschlag untersucht. (3) Für die Arbeit wurde ein auf Integrativen Prozessen und unter Berücksichtigung qua-ntitativer Verfahrensweisen wie Fernerkundung, Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) oder statistischen Methoden basierender Ansatz verwendet sowie die Antriebsmechanismen des Landnutzungswandels von Ackerland und bebauter Fläche in Jiangxi (1995-2005) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse nach der Homogenisierung der Oberflächentemperatur- und Niederschlagsdaten zeigen gegenüber der Verwendung von Rohdaten eine deutlich abgeschwächte Erwärmung der winterlichen Temperaturen in Jiangxi. Auch die räumliche Abkühlung während der Sommermonate wird durch nicht bereinigte Daten übertrieben. Der Vergleich zwischen den Datensätzen der GHCN und den in der hier vorgestellten Analyse verwendeten, bereinigten Temperaturdaten zeigen eine nur geringfüge Abweichung der jeweils resu-ltierenden Klimatrends. Die Niederschlagserie erweisen sich als homogen. Als klimatische Besonderheit des Untersuchungsgebiets wurden eine Erwärmung der Wintermonate sowie eine Abkühlung während der Sommermonate und zunehmend trockene Verhältnisse während der Frühlingsmonate im Gegensatz zu einer Verstärkung der Humidität während des Sommers nachgewiesen. Als geographisches Zentrum der sommerlichen Abkühlung konnte das Einzugsge-biet des Poyang-Sees identifiziert werden.Der Vergleich von OMR-Trends mit dem Typ der Landoberfläche zeigt eine besonders deutliche Erwärmung über vegetationsloser Landoberfläche im Vergleich zu Grünlandflächen. 81.1% der Erwärmung über Landoberflächen mit Vegetationsbedeckung lassen sich auf LULC-Änderungen zusammen mit topographischen und regionalen Merkmalen zurückführen. Die Aussagekraft der LULC-Änderung nimmt mit zunehmender Vegetationsbedeckung der Landoberfläche kontinuierlich ab. Die OMR-Trends der Niederschlagsdate-nsätze zeigen eine schwache Abhängigkeit von der Art der Landoberfläche. Zu der Veränderung der Nutzung der Ackerflächen in Jiangxi trugen mehrere miteinander interagierende Mechanismen, einschließlich politischer und sozio-ökonomischer Kräfte als unmittelbarer Faktoren, sowie biophysikalische Not-wendigkeiten ursächlich bei. Der Übergang von Ackerland zu Bauland ist in hohem Maße auf eine Kombination sozio-ökonomischer Faktoren zurück zu führen.