Suchergebnisse

With the perspective of urban morphology, this paper integrates historical maps to illustrate the morphological transformation of Boston Park System during 19th century. Based on such illustrations, cultural and political issues, geological issues and sanitary reform are concluded as main reasons for the transformations, thus to building up the relationship between space construction and its context.

Purpose In the era of climate change, industrial organizations are under increasing pressure from consumers and regulators to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The paper examines the effectiveness of product mix as a strategy to deliver the low carbon supply chain under the cap-and-trade policy. Design/methodology/approach We incorporate the cap-and-trade policy into the green product mix decision models by using game-theoretic approach and compare these decisions in a decentralized model and a centralized model respectively. The research explores potential behavioural changes under the cap-and-trade in the context of a two-echelon supply chain. Findings Our analysis results show that the channel structure has significant impact on both economic and environmental performances. An integrated supply chain generates more profits. In contrast, a decentralized supply chain has lower carbon emissions. The cap-and-trade policy makes a different impact on the economic and environmental performances of the supply chain. Balancing the trade-offs is critical to ensure the long term sustainability. Originality/value The research offers many interesting observations with respect to the effect of product mix strategy on operational decisions and the trade-offs between costs and carbon emissions under the cap-and-trade policy. The insights derived from our analysis do not only help firms to make important operational and strategic decisions to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining their economic competitiveness, but also make meaningful contribution to governments' policy making for carbon emissions control.

We are witnessing more frequent extreme weather events due to the global warming. There is an urgent need for governments, industries, general public, and academics to take coordinated actions in order to tackle the challenges imposed by the climate change. It is essential to incorporate the environmental objective in the transportation mode selection problem as transportation is a main contributor to carbon emissions. With this in mind, our paper studies the retailer's ordering and transportation mode selection problem using stochastic customer demand and investigates the optimal ordering and transportation mode selection decisions under different carbon emission reduction policies. Our analytical results reveal that there are some important transportation mode shifting thresholds under different carbon emissions reduction policies. These findings do not only help firms to make optimal decisions under different carbon emission reduction policies but also support policy makers to develop effective policies on carbon emissions reduction.

This book offers a fuzzy-based hierarchical approach to risk management problems, tackling imprecise information with qualitative and quantitative criteria. Uses case studies from the food, fashion and electronics sectors on supply chain management and more.

Risk management is often complicated by situational uncertainties and the subjective preferences of decision makers. Fuzzy Hierarchical Model for Risk Assessment introduces a fuzzy-based hierarchical approach to solve risk management problems considering both qualitative and quantitative criteria to tackle imprecise information. This approach is illustrated through number of case studies using examples from the food, fashion and electronics sectors to cover a range of applications including supply chain management, green product design and green initiatives. These practical examples explore ho.

Timely provision of quality products at the lowest prices possible has become the utmost competitive edge being pursued by virtually all manufacturing firms. They endeavour to speed up their production and deliveries of goods to end customers in order to make more money and even survive in the fierce competition arena. Although much progress has been made in operations management and a series of production planning approaches have been proposed to achieve various manufacturing operations goals, optimisation results are often rendered unrealistic and even misleading, for few studies have considered the overall corporate goal of shareholder wealth maximisation and the specific economic environments where manufacturing firms operate. Some critical factors closely related to interests of corporate owners, such as working capital management and capital structure, are rarely involved in an overwhelming majority of production planning problems. Moreover, the overlook of the effects of production planning results on the environment makes them more impractical and even unavailable in real-world manufacturing environments. To this end, the dissertation proposes a stochastic production planning model for the uncertain make-to-order production environment, with the focus mainly on the lot sizing decision-making policy. The primary goal of the optimization problem is to maximise the sustainable full interests of corporate owners, namely, the shareholder wealth, rather than to optimise some traditional local or short-term objective functions, such as work flow times, accounting costs, accounting profits and the like. To improve the generality and exactness of the proposed model, all involved uncertain random events are characterized by their own inherent statistical merits without any impractical assumptions on their distributions. The improvement of production planning is not the only one single source of the wealth-based business performance. There are also some other critical factors which can impose direct influences on shareholder wealth. Among these potential shareholder wealth drivers, we choose to examine the effective management of working capital and capital structure, for they are closely pertinent to a firm's financial position and its cash flow status. In addition, environmental protection has in recent decades aroused extensively global attention because of its far-reaching impingements on the social and economic developments of the world. The carbon emission in production, especially its main component—carbon dioxide, is generally recognized as the most important emission source. To mitigate their diverse interference with the climate and the environment, a wide range of emission reduction measures, laws, and legislations has been enacted and implemented, making production planning optimisations more complicated. To better reflect the emerging production planning environment facing manufacturing firms, the emission trading system for carbon management, which has thus far become the most popular market-based carbon reduction mechanism, is incorporated into the proposed production planning model. To theoretically and analytically validate the proposed approach, the probability and convex theories are adopted to prove the convexity or concavity of the optimisation objectives and the relevant global optimal characteristics. Numerical experiments are further conducted to demonstrate the important implications of the proposed optimisation model to production planning in industrial practices. ; published_or_final_version ; Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

AbstractThis study investigates an original equipment manufacturer's (OEM's) outsourcing choice between a competing manufacturer (CP) and a non‐competing manufacturer (NP). We develop a benchmark self‐produce strategy and two outsourcing strategies to differentiate two manufacturing service providers, and examine the optimal strategy alongside an analysis of the respective incentives (e.g., a lump‐sum payment) from the two service providers. The optimal strategy depends on the difference in production efficiency, degree of product substitution, and joint effect of the transfer payments. The transfer payments contribute to a greater range of Pareto improvements, increasing the possibility of outsourcing cooperation while highlighting the role of competition intensity on the model and outsourcing cooperation partner. Effect analysis shows that in the absence of transfer payment, the optimal strategy is beneficial to social welfare. With transfer payment, the optimal strategy is changed and the firms will be more profitable, but at the expense of customers' surplus, which may result in worse social welfare. An extended analysis of mixed strategies, in which the OEM produces part of the products and outsources the rest to CP/NP, shows that while the mixed‐CP strategy can be an optimal choice, the mixed‐NP strategy will degenerate to either self‐produce or complete outsourcing to NP under certain conditions.