Suchergebnisse

The purpose in this study was to develop a questionnaire measuring the subjective importance among adolescents of medical humanities issues. Based on a series of literature reviews and expert panel discussions, a questionnaire was created and completed by 460 randomly selected individuals.
An exploratory factor analysis and a principal component analysis were conducted. The 19 items in the questionnaire were classified into 5 factors: professionalism, caring and empathy, patient orientation, disclosure of harm, and communication. These 5 factors accounted for 59.19% of the variance.
The developed questionnaire was subsequently completed by 258 adolescents enrolled in medical science courses and 268 adolescents enrolled in other courses to see whether or not there was any significant difference between the two groups in their awareness of medical humanities. Results revealed
that adolescents enrolled in medical science courses placed greater importance on these issues than did those enrolled in other courses.

Housing policies introduced in China in 1998 aim to end the distribution of housing by employers and set up new housing finance and market systems. The author examines policy development and practice in Beijing and evaluates the performance of the new housing finance mechanisms. Although the 1998 policies were a major step forward, the system created is very different from that in a market economy. Employers still have a major role to play in housing, although they will not be directly involved in construction and distribution. The new housing finance system shows some distinctive features as well.

Social, economic and political context. - S. 18-45. The beginning of urban housing policy 1949-56. - S. 46-71. Establishment of the state housing provision system 1956-77. - S. 72-99. The housing boom 1978-90. - S. 100-139. Urban housing reform since 1980. - S. 140-169. Urban housing development in the 1990s. - S. 170-201. Rural housing since 1949. - S. 202-228. Conclusions. - S. 229-253

Research into eastern European housing reform indicates that privatization has been accompanied by processes of social and physical exclusion and segregation. Has the Chinese housing reform been accompanied by similar problems? This paper addresses this question by examining the early evidence on the social and spatial consequences of housing reform. It begins with a discussion of the particular social and spatial patterns of Chinese cities developed during the early years of Communist control and then examines the social and spatial impacts of housing reform. It is argued that although housing reform has brought significant changes to the housing provision system and improved many urban residents' living conditions, it has not entirely broken the traditional system. Reform was to a large extent carried out within work‐unit establishments and has had very different impacts for different social and economic groups. In addition, spatial impacts in urban areas have varied between old and new areas and between rich and poor areas.La recherche sur les réformes du logement en Europe de l'est montre que la privatisation a été accompagnée de processus d'exclusion et de ségrégation physique et sociale. La réforme chinoise du logement a‐t‐elle été accompagnée de problèmes identiques? Cet article examine les premières données sur les conséquences sociales et spatiales de la réforme du logement. Il commence par une discussion des modèles sociaux et spatiaux particuliers aux villes chinoises développés durant les premières années du contrôle communiste et examine ensuite l'impact social et spatial de la réforme du logement. Bien que la réforme du logement ait apporté des changements significatifs au système de provision du logement et amélioré les conditions de vie de nombreux résidents urbains, elle n'a pas entièrement rompu avec le système traditionnel. La réforme a été en grande partie conduite à l'intérieur des établissements d'unités de travail et a eu un impact très différent sur les divers groupes sociaux et économiques. De plus, les impacts spatiaux dans les régions urbaines ont varié selon que les régions sont anciennes ou nouvelles et riches ou pauvres.