Suchergebnisse

Xiaojing's authorship and texts -- Related classical teachings -- Ideological foundations -- The social setting -- A persistent for the people -- Special instruction for women -- The impact on neighboring nations -- Comparative discussion -- Concluding reflections

In the structural design of aircraft wings, aeroelastic tailoring is used to control the aeroelastic deformation to improve the aerostructural performance by making use of directional stiffness. Recently, tow-steered composites, where the fibre angles continuously vary within each ply, have been proven to have the potential to further expand the advantages of aeroelastic tailoring. This work extends TU Delft aeroelastic tailoring framework PROTEUS by introducing a lay-up retrieval step, so that it can be used for the conceptual design of tow-steered composite wing structures. In the extended framework, aeroelastic tailoring and lay-up retrieval are sequentially and iteratively performed to take static and dynamic loads, manufacturing and cruise shape constraints into consideration. The first step is carried out using PROTEUS, in which the lamination parameters and thickness of the wing sections are optimised under manoeuvre and gust load conditions. Further, for ensuring optimal aircraft performance in cruise flight conditions, the jig twist distribution is allowed to be optimised to maintain a desired prescribed cruise shape. In the second step, the stacking sequence, including minimum steering radius constraint, is retrieved. Since the lamination parameters cannot be matched exactly during the retrieval step, the constraints are checked, and tightened to take the performance loss during retrieval into account. The first step is repeated until all constraints are satisfied after fibre angle retrieval. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed optimisation framework, it is applied to the design of the NASA Common Research Model (CRM) wing, of which the objective is minimizing wing mass subjected to aerostructural design constraints, such as aeroelastic stability, aileron effectiveness, material strength and buckling load. ; This work is supported by the AGILE 4.0 project (Towards Cyber-physical Collaborative Aircraft Development) and has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme under ...

Abstract
Chinese and British troops fought shoulder to shoulder against the Japanese at Yenangyaung, Burma, in mid-April 1942. The official military histories of the two nations, however, record the Yenangyaung battle and appraise the Chinese contribution in striking disagreement. To find the truth through reconciling the significant discrepancies in existence for seven decades, materials of various countries have been comparatively studied. The article will present the following conclusions from this forensic inquiry: i) the narrative of the Yenangyaung battle by William Slim, the commanding officer of the British-Chinese joint forces in the battle, is fraught with misrepresentations; and ii) the official British military history errs in denying the Chinese rescue of the British troops.

The European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) has been established for more than 15 years, but limited attention has been given to how the changing political environment may affect the policy. We address this gap by investigating how the EU enlargement after 2004 affected the ETS and how the effects have been buffered. We develop a framework of institutional resilience to investigate how the established norms and institutional constellation of the EU legislative triumvirate have been instrumental for buffering the effects of the enlargement on ETS policymaking. We find that the existing power structure and functional complementarity of the EU legislative settings have fostered a consensus-building atmosphere in the ETS decision-making to accommodate preference heterogeneity and to absorb the compositional impact after the enlargement. The findings highlight the importance of contextual factors and institutional settings in ETS analysis and suggest a new perspective for assessing dynamic ETS performance.

This study offers a detailed analysis of an under‐researched social problem of in‐situ marginalisation and its causes by drawing on the concept of state entrepreneurialism. Our empirical data stem from the Lingang mega project in Shanghai and one of its neighbourhoods named Neighbourhood No.57 where we find that the residents have not been relocated but are instead suffering from declining public services and environmental quality from surrounding industrial developments. The root cause of this problem is the municipal government's prioritisation of its strategic objectives of economic development over the livelihood of local residents. The strategic vision of the municipality has led to mass relocation in its early phases of development but in its later stages leaves many residents waiting for relocation whilst being gradually surrounded by industrial developments. Despite continued residential complaints and petitions, in‐situ marginalisation is not resolved due to the institutional arrangement of Lingang, which has centralised planning and financing powers to newly created project‐oriented state organisation. Social responsibilities have been relegated to lower‐tiered governments in Lingang which have neither planning power nor the financial resources to resolve the problems of residents. By examining the case of Lingang, this paper provides a different analytical framework for explaining the social problems emerging from China's mega urban developments.

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the evaluation indicators of teaching. The relevance of the present study is due to the problem of improving the quality of school education in the Russian Federation by means of renewal of the content of general education, provided by the RF State program "Development of Education for 2013-2020". The vectors of updating are determined by the tasks of transition to the democratic and constitutional state, the market economy, the need to overcome the dangers of the country lagging behind global trends of economic and social development and, what is the most important, by the growing influence of the human capital on the economy of the country. The aim of this study is to identify the level of readiness of teachers to implement innovative forms of educational activities into the educational process with the help of the analysis of the responses of mathematics teachers to reflexive questions. The presentation of lessons with innovative forms during the methodical workshop and the systematic analysis of the experimental data are the main technologies. As a result of the experimental study, conducted in 2015-2017 in the Kirov region with a group of 71 mathematics teachers we can present the experience of the implementation of innovative organization forms of educational process and summarize the results in the form of the subjective reflective assessment. The article justifies the high level of pedagogical readiness of mathematics teachers to introduce innovative forms of organization of educational activities such as: event-based learning, adaptive teaching, 'bring your own devices', computational thinking, and stealth assessment. © Authors.