Suchergebnisse

Urban expansion is not only reflected in the increase in horizontal urban area, but also in the increase in vertical urban height, that is, the city's vertical expansion. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of urban vertical expansion and its influencing factors is critical for furthering urban expansion research. This paper characterized the degree of urban vertical expansion using the floor area ratio (FAR) of newly added residential land in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2009 to 2018, and discussed the spatiotemporal characteristics, regional differences and influencing factors of urban vertical expansion. The results indicate the following: (1) The degree of urban vertical expansion in Jiangsu Province exhibited an inverted "U" shape that increased and then decreased. Spatially, it presented a pattern of high in the west and low in the east areas, while high in the north and low in the south areas. (2) There were significant α-convergence, β-convergence and club convergence phenomena in Jiangsu Province's urban vertical expansion. The convergence speed was fast in the north and south areas but slow in the middle. (3) Real estate development investment and slope had a significant positive impact on urban vertical expansion, while urban per capita disposable income and economic structure had a non-linear impact on urban vertical expansion intensity. Finally, this paper highlighted the importance of further investigation into urban expansion from multiple dimensions. The government should strengthen its control over the various land plot ratios to ensure the city's orderly expansion and healthy development.

Objectives: Few studies have examined the impacts of structural differences in the urban–rural dichotomy under the new household registration policy on migration and settlement behavior. Nevertheless, the rationale for the settlement policy of local governments should be further elucidated and improved. This study aims to analyze the household registration, land property rights, and differences in migrants' settlement intentions. Methods: This study used migration survey data from the Pearl River Delta and probit regression to fill this gap in the literature. Findings: Because of the long-term effects of the household registration system and their socioeconomic differences, urban-urban migrants and rural–urban migrants differed in their settlement intentions. Furthermore, the new points-based household registration system affected migrants' settlement intentions. Relative to the rural–urban migrants, urban–urban migrants more easily met the settlement requirements under the points-based system, and they tended to settle in their current cities. By contrast, migrants with farmland in their hometowns tended to settle there. The findings underscore the relevance of adopting perspectives that consider the urban–rural dichotomy and related structural differences to understand migrants' settlement intentions in China.

Introduction: The military lifestyle has a significant impact on the quality of life of military families. In this article, we examine its impact on military spousal employment status and income. Methods: The data sets used in the analyses included 2,871 female civilian spouses of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Regular Force members who completed the Quality of Life (QOL) Survey administered in 2009 and 2013. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate whether factors associated with the military lifestyle (i.e., mobility, dwelling) predicted spousal employment status and income while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of CAF personnel and their spouses. Results: The results showed that factors associated with the military lifestyle had a significant impact on CAF spousal employment and income. Discussion: These findings broaden our knowledge of the barriers faced by CAF spouses and will help the CAF strengthen support programs and services to improve CAF spousal employment.

Introduction: Not only do military families face similar financial stressors as civilian families, but they also face a number of unique financial stressors as a result of the military lifestyle. In this article, we explore factors that contribute to military spouses' perceived financial stress and the effect of financial stability on military spouses' psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Methods: The data sets used in the analyses include female civilian spouses of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Regular Force members who completed the Quality of Life (QOL) survey administered in 2009 ( N = 1,518) and 2013 ( N = 1,189). In Study 1, we conducted a series of analyses to assess whether CAF spouses' socio-demographic and military lifestyle characteristics contribute to their perceived level of financial stress (2009 QOL data). In Study 2, we conducted a series of analyses to assess whether financial stress and stability contribute to CAF spouses' well-being and life satisfaction (2009 and 2013 QOL data). Results: Results showed that socio-demographic and military lifestyle characteristics predicted military spouses' financial stress and that more financial stress and less financial stability reduced their psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Discussion: These findings suggest that reducing military spouses' financial stress and improving their financial stability may enhance their well-being.

Introduction: Very little research has examined the impact of the length of deployments on financial behaviours. Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members receive different levels and types of compensation for deployments that are more or less than 60 days, both of which can affect members' saving and spending behaviours. Thus, the present study examines whether the financial behaviours of CAF members who have been deployed differs from those who have not and whether deployment length affects members' financial behaviours. Methods: Among 1,887 Regular Force CAF members completing a financial survey, participants who had been deployed in the previous two years ( n = 356) were asked to indicate whether they had increased their spending and whether they had saved or invested more money as a result of their deployment. Results: CAF members who had been deployed were less likely than members who had not been deployed to engage in negative financial behaviours and were more likely to report positive financial behaviours. Those who had been deployed for longer than 60 days indicated that they had increased the amount of money saved or invested as a result of their deployment. Spending did not change significantly as a result of deployment. Discussion: This study provides a preliminary examination of the financial behaviours of deployed CAF members. Findings suggest that the length of deployment impacts members' saving habits. CAF financial planners may use these findings to help tailor their services to the needs of personnel returning from varying lengths of deployments.

AbstractAgricultural producer cooperatives are of great significance to the development of agricultural productivity and can provide improved economic welfare benefits to farmers. However, such organizations have not been well‐developed in China. While China's new Cooperatives Law of 2007 has generated interest among scholars, very few empirical analyses have focused on the role of cooperatives in China's agricultural sector. The main objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of farmers' perception and their decision to participate in cooperatives, using a unique dataset from recently collected survey data of farming households in China's Jilin Province. The empirical results from probit and logit regression models suggest that educational attainment, risk comfort level, farm expansion, operational costs, geographic location and crop types are significant factors that influence producers' perception of cooperatives, as well as their participation behavior.