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The public values preferences of public servants play an increasingly important role in understanding their administrative behaviors in the era of public value management. Researchers, however, tend to choose proxy or simplified variables to measure public values preferences, resulting in incomplete understanding of the underlying structure. Based on survey data in China, this study develops a five-dimensional scale of public servants' public values preferences and verifies the scale's predictive validity by adopting public service motivation and work performance as the criteria. From this study, we call for the establishment of a public values-based public personnel management system.

AbstractThe interactions between dissolved silica and corrosion scale on lead pipes such as hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) and aluminum containing amorphous phases can affect the rates of lead release from the pipes to drinking water. Batch experiments that were well mixed to fully suspend these materials complemented previous experiments that were performed with pipes with intact pipe scales. These experiments focused on chemical interactions between the corrosion scale materials and silicate by decreasing the effect of mass transfer processes associated with solute diffusion into and out of intact scales. The findings from the batch experiments help us understand that the benefits of silicate addition in controlling lead release observed in a previous pipe loop study with pipes with intact scale were primarily due to inhibited diffusion of lead through the scale as a result of silicate uptake and not due to chemical interactions between lead‐containing solids and silicate.

This research improves the recently developed Gaussian mixture based equivalent linearization method (GM-ELM) to promote its applications to the seismic fragility analysis. GM-ELM is a stochastic linearization method, which defines the equivalent linear system by a set of linear oscillators. This linear system is identified from Gaussian mixture distribution-based decomposition of the instantaneous response probability distribution function (PDF). The method has merits in terms of the applicability to general multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) systems. However, the method may suffer from limitations of stationary assumption and excitation-intensity-dependency of ELS. As a further development to facilitate earthquake engineering applications, we extended GM-ELM to nonstationary responses by proposing to use the temporal average of response PDF. Furthermore, the concept of universal ELS which is invariant to the scaling of excitation is established by utilizing intensity-augmented PDF. Numerical experiments demonstrate viability of the proposed approach on general MDOF systems and nonstationary excitations. ; This research is supported by the project "Development of Life-cycle Engineering Technique and Construction Method for Global Competitiveness Upgrade of Cable Bridges" of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) of the Korean Government (Grant No. 16SCIP-B119960-01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51808149), and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2018A030310067).